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Chemical Pathways Chapter 9-1
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chemical Pathways Chapter 9-1
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In the last chapter green plants used ________________ to
AUTOTROPHS ___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to make their own food In the last chapter green plants used ________________ to trap energy from __________ and make ______________ PHOTOSYNTHESIS sunlight food (glucose)
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In this chapter, we will learn how this glucose is ____________ by organisms and the _______
is stored as _______ in a process called ___________________ broken down energy ATP CELLULAR RESPIRATION What kind of organisms do this?
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What kind of organisms do this?
plants fungi animals bacteria ________ (Including _______) ______ ______ ______ humans ALL LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY!
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How do we get the sugar from the plants?
REMEMBER! _______________ get their energy by eating other organisms. HETEROTROPHS We get the energy the plants stored as glucose by _____________ directly or eating the _________ that ate the plants. eating plants animals Image from:
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REMEMBER CELL BIO
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CYTOPLASM Area with gel-like material inside cell membrane
Image from: Area with gel-like material inside cell membrane surrounding mitochondria = ______________________ Power plant of cell that burns glucose and stores the energy as ATP = _______________ CYTOPLASM mitochondria
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MITOCHONDRIA = cell power plant
Surrounded by ___________ membrane Outer membrane & Inner membrane (called _______________ ) Space between inner membrane & outer membrane = ____________________ Space inside cristae folds = _________________ CYTOPLASM surrounds mitochondria DOUBLE CRISTAE INTERMEMBRANE SPACE MATRIX
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All organisms (heterotrophs AND autotrophs) use the _____________ to
Image from: All organisms (heterotrophs AND autotrophs) use the _____________ to charge up their _______ energy in food ATP
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energy from FOOD (glucose) to make _____ = ________________
This process of releasing the energy from FOOD (glucose) to make _____ = ________________ ATP CELLULAR RESPIRATION Image by Riedell Image from:
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slowly in ________________. many steps
CELLULAR RESPIRATION happens __________ in ________________. If all the energy was released in one step… most would be lost as ____________________! slowly many steps light and heat
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS CELLULAR RESPIRATION 6 CO2 6 H2O C6H12O6 6O2 C6H12O6
___________ + _________ + ___________ →_______________ + __________ 6 CO2 6 H2O C6H12O6 6O2 CELLULAR RESPIRATION C6H12O6 6 CO2 _____________ + _________ →________ + __________ + __________ ______________________________________________________________ 6O2 6 H2O The two equations are exact opposites!
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calorie Calorie 1000 UNITS FOR MEASURING HEAT ENERGY
UNITS FOR MEASURING HEAT ENERGY Amount of heat it takes to raise 1 gram of water 1◦ Celsius = _______________ Unit for measuring energy in food = _______________ 1 Calorie = _________ calories calorie Calorie 1000
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Remember from Photosynthesis?
High energy electron carrier = ___________ Cellular respiration uses some different carriers to transport high energy electrons. _______ & ________ NADP+ NAD FAD ________ + _________ → ____________ 2 e- + H+ NAD+ ________ + _________ → ____________ FAD 2 e- + 2H+
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The first step in cellular respiration = __________________
Glycolysis happens in the ________________ outside the mitochondria GLYCOLYSIS CYTOPLASM See glycolysis movie
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Glycolysis (GLYKOS = ________ LYSIS= ___________ )
BUT it needs some ____________to get it started. What molecule do you think is going to supply the energy do this? sweet split apart DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN ENERGY ATP
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PYRUVIC ACID MOVES TO NEXT STEP
IF THERE IS NO OXYGEN (______________) IF THERE IS OXYGEN (_____________) = ANAEROBIC = AEROBIC
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PYRUVIC ACID ___________ OXYGEN WITHOUT
2 kinds of fermentation ___________________ & _____________________ WITHOUT ANAEROBIC Alcoholic Lactic acid
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ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
_______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____ PYRUVIC ACID ALCOHOL CO2 NAD+ Happens when yeast makes bread dough rise CO2 bubbles make _____________ in bread Alcohol _______________ during cooking air spaces evaporates
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LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
_______ +_____ →______________ + ________ PYRUVIC ACID LACTIC ACID NAD+ muscles Happens in _____________ during ____________when body can’t get oxygen to tissues fast enough. Lactic acid builds up in muscles causing soreness exercise
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WHY DO FERMENTATION? WHY NOT JUST KEEP MAKING ATP USING GLYCOLYSIS?
WITHOUT OXYGEN, PYRUVIC ACID ___________ and all the _______ carriers get full. Eventually glycolysis will builds up NAD+ NAD+
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→ → FERMENTATION HAPPENS so cells can ____________________
PYRUVIC ACID _______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____ CO2 NAD+ ALCOHOL → NAD+ LACTIC ACID ______ → You get the NAD+ carriers back FERMENTATION HAPPENS so cells can ____________________ needed to keep glycolysis going REGENERATE the NAD+
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Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Oxygen given off CO2 taken in
Energy from sun stored as glucose Food synthesized Occurs in presence of chlorophyll Requires light Produces sugars Oxygen taken in CO2 given off Energy of glucose released Food broken down Occurs in all living cells Does not require light Produces CO2 and H2O
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