1. Chapter 22
Illegal Drugs

2. Lesson 1 – Drug Use A High Risk Behavior
Substance Abuse – unnecessary use of chemical substances for non medical purposes
Illegal drugs – street drugs
Against the law to possess, sell, buy
Synthetic drugs – chemical substances produced artificially in a lab (very deadly)
Gateway drugs – drugs that lead to other drug use

3. Trends in Teen Use Starting younger than ever before
Use among 12 – 17 year olds has doubled
11% of Americans 12 and up were users in 1998
Heroin use has become widespread
9% of teens used marijuana in 1998
Teens mistakenly consider marijuana as a safe drug

4. Why People Begin Using See others using Feel pressured/can’t say no
To fit in or look older
Drugs are glamorized on TV, movies, videos, and in song lyrics
Boredom or new thrills
Escape from problems

5. Dangers of Abuse Deadly side effects
Synergistic effects when combining drugs
No way to regulate illegal drugs
Overdose
Hepatitis or HIV when using needles
Unprotected sex/STD’s

6. Abuse Tolerance – need more to feel the same
Physiological Dependence – body has a chemical need
Withdrawal – nervousness, insomnia, nausea, headaches, chills, vomiting, death
Psychological dependence –thinking they need the drug
Addiction – dependence (psychological and physiological)

7. Costs of Abuse
Affects teens performance, health, and can lead to trouble with the law
Costs the American society 67 billion dollars per year in health, social, and criminal costs
Birth defects, addiction, withdrawal symptoms

8. Lesson 2 – Psychoactive Drugs
Stimulants – speed up the central nervous system
Increased heart rate, high blood pressure, decreased appetite
Sweating, headaches, blurred vision, sleeplessness
Psychological effects – moodiness, restlessness, anxiety, hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia

9. Types of Stimulants Amphetamines (Uppers)
People use to stay awake, improve athletic performance, lose weight, and for euphoric effects
Tolerance develops easily
Exhaustion occurs when drug wears off

10. Types of Stimulants Methamphetamine (crank, speed, ice)
Can be snorted, injected, smoked, or swallowed
Paranoia and violence
Long lasting effects (food and water unimportant)

11. Types of Stimulants Cocaine Fast acting
High can last 20 minutes to a few hours
Increases confidence and causes huge letdown after the high
Can cause tissue damage in nose, , depression, edginess, weight loss, malnutrition, heart attack

12. Types of Stimulants Crack Form of cocaine that is smoked
Effects are felt within seconds
Extremely addictive and dangerous

13. Depressants Slow down central nervous system
Relax muscles, relieve feelings of tension and worry, bring on sleep
Slow heart and breathing rates and reduce blood pressure

14. Types of Depressants Barbiturates – induce sleep
Cause mood changes, excess sleep, coma
Used to counteract effects of stimulants
Can be fatal when combined with alcohol

15. Types of Depressants Tranquilizers – muscle relaxers
Reduce muscular activity, coordination, and attention span
Methaqualone – prescribed to reduce anxiety and insomnia
Temporary euphoria
Withdrawal is extremely unpleasant
Rapid dependence, headaches, diarrhea, convulsions, coma, death

16. Narcotics Drugs derived from the opium plant
Morphine, heroin, opium, codeine
Cause drowsiness, sleep that can depress respiration, and can be used to relieve pain

17. Types of Narcotics Morphine Codeine – weaker morphine
Used to reduce severe pain
Can act as an appetite suppressant, causes constipation, and severe addiction
Codeine – weaker morphine
Used in cough medicine and can lead to dependence

18. Types of Narcotics Heroin No medical purpose/illegal
Made from morphine
Depresses central nervous system
Tolerance develops quickly and withdrawal is painful
Use has moved from the inner city to suburbs and rural areas

19. Hallucinogens Alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions
PCP, LSD, Mescaline

20. Types of Hallucinogens
PCP – angel dust
1 of the most dangerous drugs
Makes the user feel detached from their surroundings
Times passes slowly, body movements slow down, sensations of touch and pain are reduced
Makes the user feel strong and powerful

21. Types of Narcotics LSD – acid
Colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid, capsule, or tablet
Wildly unpredictable effects
Users might possibly think they can fly or stop trains
Use leads to panic, anxiety, accidental suicide

22. Types of Hallucinogens
Mescaline
Psychoactive ingredient in the peyote cactus
Can lead to bad trips, frightening phenomena, vicious stomach cramps, and vomiting

23. Lesson 3 – Steroids and Other Dangerous Drugs
Steroids – synthetic derivatives of the male hormone testosterone
Build muscle
Cause mood swings, violent, and aggressive behavior
Effects – high blood pressure, acne, baldness, liver damage, heart disease, increased growth of body and facial hair, stroke

24. Cannabis Derivatives Cannabis –hemp plant
Types – Marijuana and hashish
Marijuana – smoked, eaten, or drunk
Hashish – dark brown resin collected from the top of the cannabis plant. Sold in small brown chunks and smoked through a pipe

25. Effects of Cannabis
Hallucinogen that has stimulant and depressant effects
Alters senses, coordination, and reaction time
Causes personality problems that includes loss of willpower and motivation, lack of energy, and paranoia
Affects memory and attention

26. Inhalants
Substances sniffed or inhaled to give hallucinogenic or mind altering highs
Glue, spray paint, aerosols, lighter fluids, and gasoline
Depress central nervous system
Nausea, nosebleeds, lack of coordination, kidney damage, change in bone marrow, hearing loss, limb damage, coma, death

27. Designer Drugs
Synthetic substances that give effects of hallucinogens and narcotics
Ecstasy or MDMA – combination of a stimulant and hallucinogen
Euphoria, confusion, depression, paranoia, psychosis
Symptoms of use- uncontrollable tremors, drooling, impaired speech, paralysis, irreversible brain damage

28. Look – Alike Drugs Made to resemble illegal drugs
User never knows what they are getting
Each dose has the potential to be deadly