1.
The Machine Age

2. Industrialization created a truly independent world
Big Ideas - 1
Industrialization created a truly independent world
search for raw materials & markets for finished goods led to imperialism
Population increased
people migrated to cities to work in factories
free labor more desirable in market economy
Serfs & slaves eventually gained freedom

3. Women worked in factories
Big Ideas - 2
Women worked in factories
paid less than men
led to rise of women’s movement
Working class emerged & eventually forced changes in the political system
unions fought for better working conditions
political changes followed
voting rights were extended

4. Big Ideas - 3
Western culture was exported through colonialism, while Asian & African culture influence artistic movements
Enlightenment ideals of freedom led to drives for independence and greater democracy
political revolution forced government to extend rights to lower classes

5. Major Revolutions inspired by the Enlightenment
British colonies in North America revolted over tax & non representation
result: no legal or political equality except for wealthy white men

6. Desire to replace the social structure
France
Desire to replace the social structure
causes: war debt, tax burden
CLASS WAR ensued
Napoleon rose to power in nationalistic wave
established a merit based society
rewrote French laws
censorship

7. Other Revolts HAITI LATIN AMERICA
Slaves & gens de couleur fought for independence from France & won
White nations refused recognition leading to isolation and poverty
LATIN AMERICA
Creoles seized power
Society remained stratified & continued largely as under colonial rule

8. Nationalism led to Unification of Italy & Germany
Unified under liberal regime of Sardinia’s king
Austria & Bourbon cadet royals expelled
Germany
Prussian militarism forced it
defeated France/Austria
Caused upset in balance of power
major rival to British military/economy

9. Industrialization: Before After
Rural/ agricultural society
Family farms
Asian based mfg
Rural based population
Capitalist/ urban economy
Wage earners
Factory based mfg
Urban population

10. Why England & not China? British investment capital
Stable government & available workers
Raw materials close at hand/England & Wales
Raw materials were in Manchuria
Population centers were in central & south China
Satisfied with status quo

11. Effects of Industrialization - 1
Changed gender roles
men’s status increased with higher wages
Traditional family structure changed
extended v. nuclear
women & children were cheap labor sources
Middle class women did not work outside the home

12. Effects of Industrialization - 2 Dependency Theory
Most profits of cash crop economies went abroad
no industrialization there
Underdevelopment in Asia/Africa/Latin America part of a process
cheap raw materials were required by wealthy industrial nations
they supplied the goods/ purchased finished products
Plantation social systems remained firmly in place

13. Reaction to Industrialization - Socialism
Reaction to appalling conditions for workers, greed of owners, no intervention by government
Suggested economy run by working class
Property owned in common
Those with money would be overthrown
Ranged from revolutionary to liberal

14. Imperialism - Legacy
India changed from supplier of textiles to a consumer
Europeans migrated in search of cheap land & opportunity
Asian/Africans migrated as indentured servants to tropical lands
Scientific racism justified poor treatment of colonial peoples

15. Traditional Empires: Reform & Reaction - 1
Ottomans
dependent on European technology/ cash
Periphery fragmented
Egypt, Balkans
Religious conservatives blocked effective reform
WWI losses led to overthrown of sultan
Russia
Vast expansion
Military lagged behind Europe
Repressed liberal movements
State sponsored industrialization poorly managed
led to rebellion/strikes

16. Traditional Empires: Reform & Reaction - 2
CHINA
Reform attempts opposed by court
Xenophobic leadership
Failed to counter European imperialists
Famine, wide-scale rebellion
Revolution slowly developed; Qings overthrown, 1911
JAPAN
1860s liberal revolution established constitutional govt
Rapid industrialization & westernization program embraced
reaction to threat by western powers
Emergence as imperial power by 1900

17. Middle class grew leading to a new focus on leisure time
Cultural influences
Art movements
romanticism gave way to impressionism
focus on nature inspired by Japan
Middle class grew leading to a new focus on leisure time
summer vacations made possible by trains
professional sports, daily newspapers, theatre, bicycle