1. An Introduction to European Exploration & Expansion
God, Gold, & Glory
An Introduction to European Exploration & Expansion

2. Learning Target 7.72
I can analyze why European countries were motivated to explore, including reasons such as religion, political rivalry, and economic gain.

3. Introduction
1500s—the Spanish and Portuguese had built empires in the Americas.
1600s—the French, English, and Dutch also began to establish their own settlements.

4. Motives—The 3 G’s God (religion) Gold (economic gain)
religious enthusiasm
convert natives to Christianity
Gold (economic gain)
expand trade - especially spices & precious metals such as gold and silver
Profit from other products and cash crops
Glory (political rivalry)
adventure
power
national pride

5. Learning Target 7.71
I can identify the European countries responsible for North American exploration and the modern-day countries in which they settled, including France, Spain, England, Portugal, and the Dutch. Summarize the reasons for the success of these countries in colonization of North and South America.

6. Exploration and Colonization

7. Exploration and Colonization1 13 2 7 3 5 4 10 12 9 8 6 11

8. Reasons for Europeans’ Success
Spain had guns, horses, and steel which made them unstoppable.
Cash crops and fur trade
Diseases from Europe caused the deaths of many Native Americans.
African slave labor (which replaced Native American labor in some areas) led to more profit from cash crops.

9. Exploration, Trade, and Colonization
France
(1)Canada, (2)Louisiana area along Mississippi River
Spain
(3)Mexico, (4)Central America, (5)Caribbean Islands, (6)western South America
England
(7)Eastern United States (13 Colonies)
Portugal
(8)Brazil, (9)small areas in Africa
The Netherlands
(10)Guyana (South America), (11)South Africa, (12)islands in Southeast Asia, (13)parts of New York (U.S.)

10. Learning Target 7.63
I can explain the origins of modem capitalism, the influence of mercantilism, and the cottage industry; the elements and importance of a market economy in 17th century Europe; the changing international trading and marketing patterns, including their locations on a world map; and the influence of explorers and mapmakers.

11. Origins of Modern Capitalism
Mercantilism
Cottage Industry
A country’s power depends on its wealth
Need to own more gold and silver
Must have more exports than imports
Should establish colonies to get raw materials which can then be made into products
A system for making goods in workers’ homes
Merchants hired peasants to make things (especially wool cloth)
Thought items could be made faster and better
Both systems lead to competition among buyers. This impacts supply and demand (and prices).
B2,3,4,5

12. Means Mid-1400s European monarchs had MORE: Power Resources
Advanced technology

13. Portugal
Early leader
Sailed eastward
--> India (spice trade)

14. Bartolomeu Dias Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope (Africa)
First explorer to reach the Indian Ocean from the Atlantic Ocean

15. Vasco da Gama Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope to India
Secured control of spice trade
Took from Muslims
HUGE $$$

16. Prince Henry the Navigator
Established a navigation school
Helped build new ships (caravels)
Patronage led to major technological advances (p. 197)

17. Spain
Sailed westward
Seeking route --> Asia
Spain
Portugal

18. Christopher Columbus Earth not so big Queen Isabella
4 voyages - all end up in the Caribbean

19. Ferdinand Magellan
st to circumnavigate the globe (sort of)

20. Spain in the Americas
Conquistadors - the Spanish conquerors of the Americas
Gifts from Spain

21. Columbian Exchange
The exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas
Europe --> Americas
Horses, cattle, & wheat
Americas --> Europe
Potatoes, cocoa, corn, tomatoes, & tobacco
Transformed economic activity