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Experimental study of the VOC emitted from crude oil tankers
Maryam Tamaddoni, Rahmat Sotudeh-Gharebagh, Shunji Nario, Mehdi Hajihosseinzadeh, Navid Mostoufi Process Safety and Environmental Protection Volume 92, Issue 6, Pages (November 2014) DOI: /j.psep Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 1 Schematic of crude oil loading into marine tankers and VOC emission source during loading operation (Benkert, 1987). Process Safety and Environmental Protection , DOI: ( /j.psep ) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 2 Gas sampling apparatus.
Process Safety and Environmental Protection , DOI: ( /j.psep ) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 3 Sampling locations in the tank.
Process Safety and Environmental Protection , DOI: ( /j.psep ) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 4 Schematic of the absorption test equipment.
Process Safety and Environmental Protection , DOI: ( /j.psep ) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 5 (a) Hydrocarbon content of gas samples and (b) average concentration of hydrocarbon gas components. Process Safety and Environmental Protection , DOI: ( /j.psep ) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 6 Hydrocarbon gas composition of samples collected from (a) tanks filled with crude oil No. 2 and (b) tanks filled with crude oil No. 1. Process Safety and Environmental Protection , DOI: ( /j.psep ) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 7 Effect of tank condition on hydrocarbon content of emitted gases. Process Safety and Environmental Protection , DOI: ( /j.psep ) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 8 Changes in hydrocarbon content of emitted gases over loading time. Process Safety and Environmental Protection , DOI: ( /j.psep ) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 9 Vaporization of crude oil in (a) tank operating temperatures and (b) operating pressures. Process Safety and Environmental Protection , DOI: ( /j.psep ) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 10 Changes in hydrocarbon content of gases during absorption experiment. Process Safety and Environmental Protection , DOI: ( /j.psep ) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions
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