1. Computer Programming (BCT 1113)
Introduction To Programming
Computer Programming Concept
Problem Solving
Flowchart
Structure Programming Design
Implementation
Documentation
Testing and Debugging

2. Objectives Understand Computer Programming Concept Problem Solving
Design Flowchart
Structure Programming Design
Implementation of programming
Documentation in programming
Testing and Debugging programming

3. Why learn programming?
To be a creator - Programming is like having access to the absolute best set of legos in the world in almost unlimited qualities
Automate Away Daily Drudgery - Programmers are famous for being lazy--in fact, being lazy is one reason people are drawn to programming. After all, why do something routine and repetitive when you could have your computer do it for you?
Improve Your Computer Literacy and Know the Answer to the "Why" Questions - People are often frustrated by technology when it fails. Although operating systems such as Windows have become much more stable, there are still many security holes exploited every day. For a non-programmer, these issues are mysteries: the machine that never makes mistakes is full of problems, and who knows why? 

4. How to learn programming?
Look at the Example Code
Don't Just Read Example Code--Run It
Write your Own Code as Soon as Possible
Learn to Use a Debugger
Seek out More Sources

5. Types of programming language
Procedural programming language – Fortran, BASIC
Structural programming language – C, ADA, Pascal
Object oriented programming language – JAVA, VB, C#

6. History of programming language
Before 1940: The Jacquard loom, invented in 1801, used holes in punched cards to represent sewing loom arm movements in order to generate decorative patterns automatically.
1940: first recognizably modern, electrically powered computers were created
1950: 1960 – FORTRAN, LISP, COBOL
1967 – 1978: establishing fundamental paradigm – Simula, C, Prolog,
The 1980s: consolidation, modules, performance – ADA, C++, Perl
The 1990s: the Internet age – PYTHON, VB, JAVA, PHP, ASP

7. Programming
Program: self-contained set of instructions used to operate a computer to produce a specific result
Also called software
Programming: the process of writing a program, or software

8. Programming
Machine language programs, also called executables, consist of binary instructions
Each instruction has two parts:
Instruction part: the operation to be performed; also called an opcode
Address part: memory address of the data to be used
Each class of computer has its own particular machine language

9. Programming structure
Algorithm: the step-by-step sequence of instructions that describe how the data is to be processed to produce the desired output
Programming: the translation of the selected algorithm into a language the computer can use
Pseudocode: English-like phrases used to describe the algorithm
Formula: description of a mathematical equation
Flowchart: diagram showing the flow of instructions in an algorithm
Flowcharts use special symbols

10. Flowchart

11. Flowchart

12. Flowchart: example
Figure Flowchart for calculating the average of three numbers.

13. Pseudo code: example
Read NUMBER1, NUMBER2, NUMBER3 Compute AVERAGE as ((NUMBER1+NUMBER2+NUMBER3)/3) Write (Display) AVERAGE

14. Implementation
Write a program that could display following information
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << “Umar";
cout << "\n123 Jalan Cempaka";
cout << "\nChukai, Kemaman";
cin.ignore(); // this line is optional, it is used
// to keep the program from ending on Microsoft
// systems/compilers so the user can see the
output
return 0; }

15. Process of Writing a Program
Identify problems – requirements, specification
Design a solution – pseudo code, flowchart
Program
Code - translating the design into an actual program, written in some form of programming language
Compile - process of turning the program written in some programming language into the instructions made up of 0's and 1's that the computer can actually follow
Debug - task of looking at the original program, identifying the mistakes, correcting the code and recompiling it

16. Documentation in Programming
/* my second program in C++ with more comments */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main () { cout << "Hello World! "; // prints Hello World! cout << "I'm a C++ program"; // prints I'm a C++ program return 0; }

17. Testing & Debugging
All written program must be tested to ensure it is correctly run and suit requirements.
Debugging is the process of locating and fixing or bypassing bugs (errors) in computer program code or the engineering of a hardware device.
To debug a program or hardware device is to start with a problem, isolate the source of the problem, and then fix it

18. Common programming mistakes
Starting to write the program before fully understanding the requirements and the algorithm to be used
Undeclared variables
Uninitialized variables
Using a single equal sign to check equality
Undeclared Functions
Extra Semicolons
Misusing the && and || operators

19. REFERENCES http://www.cprogramming.com/whyprogram.html