1. Chemistry of LIFE

2. What’s the matter???

3. Matter is made of…
Atoms  e- N P+ e- P+ N
Nucleus

4. Protons
In Nucleus
Charge is positive +  P+ P+ P+

5. Neutrons  N
In Nucleus
Charge: 0 neutral N N

6. Electrons e-
Orbit Nucleus  e- e-
Charge is Negative -

7. Substance that consists of only one kind of atom
Element
Substance that consists of only one kind of atom

8. Isotopes are the same atom with different numbers of Neutrons
Hydrogen
Atoms

9. Then what is a Compound??

10. A compound is formed by the chemical combination of different atoms.

11. What Kinds of Chemical Bonds are there?

12. Ionic bonds are strong bonds in which atoms gain and loose electrons e- e-  e- e- e-
Electron is transferred between two neutral charged atoms e- + e- -  e-  e- e- e- e-
Atoms of ionic compound charged

13. Covalent bonds are between atoms which share electrons

14. Water has a covalent bond with electrons shared unevenly
Charge is uneven
Molecule is bent

15. Uneven charge (Polarity) results in COHESION
Uneven charge (Polarity) results in COHESION. Water molecules are attracted to each other
Attraction

16. Cohesion Pulls water molecules together
Cohesion Pulls water molecules together. This is strongest at the surface. Which Means…

17. Uneven Charge Results in adhesion
Uneven Charge Results in adhesion. Water molecules are attracted to other substances.

18. Adhesion and cohesion allow water to travel long distances in a narrow tube

19. PH: 8-14 PH: 0-6 Contain: more OH- ions Contain: more H+ ions
Acids Bases
PH: 8-14
Contain: more OH- ions
PH: 0-6
Contain: more H+ ions

20. In our body Acids and Bases are Buffered
Homeostasis maintains a PH of in humans

21. We constantly consume and use stronger acids and bases
OJ Coke You Soap Bleach

22. Organic Chemistry/ Carbon Chemistry
Chemistry of compounds with Carbon

23. What Makes Carbon Special?
It has 4 electrons to share in covalent bonds

24. C C Forms Single Bonds O Double Bonds Triple Bonds
Bonds with other atoms O C C H

25. Carbon forms 4 important compounds in living things

26. Living things use Carbohydrates for energy

27. Polysaccharides= Starches
Monosaccharide= simple sugar
Polysaccharides= Starches

28. Lipids store energy, and make up cell membranes
Fatty Acids Glycerol

29. Lipids store energy, and make up parts of our cell membranes
WE eat lipids in…

30. Proteins are made of long amino acid chains
Amino acids: 20 kinds and they determine shape

31. Proteins DO… Regulate cell processes Fight disease Control reactions
Move materials
Build, Bone, Muscle, ect.

32. We Eat Proteins in…

33. When we eat organic molecules our bodies use them for energy
Proteins: 4 kcal per gram
Lipids: 9 kcal per gram
Carbohydrates: ~4 kcal per gram

34. Nucleic acids are important in the nucleotides of DNA and RNA

35. Chemical reactions
Form bonds Break bonds store energy release energy

36. Some reactions require activation energy to begin. Often high heat

37. Enzymes are catalysts allowing reactions with lower activation energy