1. Tumours of the large intestine
done by
Dr layth Q

2. Benign:
Polyp,is protrusion of the mucosa.
Classification of intestinal polyps:
Inflammatory Inflammatory polyps ( pseudopolyposis in ulcerative colitis)
Meta plastic Meta plastic or hyperplastic polyps
Hammartomatous Peutz- jet hers polyp
Juvenile polyp
Neoplastic Adenoma Tubular,tubulovillous,villus
Adenocarcinoma,carcinoid tumour

3. Adenomatous polyp:
Varies from tubular to villus.may be solitary and the cause of rectal bleeding or sometimes villous and the cause of hypo Kalaemia and Hypoalbuminaemia .the risk of malignancy increases with their size .

4. Adenomatous polyp:
Varies from tubular to villus.may be solitary and the cause of rectal bleeding or sometimes villous and the cause of hypo Kalaemia and Hypoalbuminaemia .the risk of malignancy increases with their size

5. Familial adenomatous polyposis: defined to have more than 100 polyps and multiple extra intestinal manifestation like endodermal( adenomas of duodenum,stomach) or ectodermal like epidermoid cysts ,brain tumours . And mesodermal like desmoid,dental problems,or osteomas.

6. Gardener's syndrome: familial polyps with epidermoid cyst and desmoid tumours.

7. Features of familial adenomatous polyposis:
Autosomal dominant
More than 100 colonic adenomas
Prophylactic surgery
Polyps and malignant tumours can develop in the duodenum and small bowel.::
Treatment
Colectomy with ileorectal anastamosis
Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch
Total removal with end ileostomy.

8. Lynch syndrome: characterised by increased risk of colorectal cancer and also cancer of endometrium,ovary,stomach and small intestine.

9. Malignant:
Epidemiology in UK colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death .
Aetiology: the accepted model arises from adenomatous polyps after genetic mutation influenced by environmental factors . The p53 gene mutated in carcinomas.
Linkage between diet and colon cancer
Ulcerative colitis
Suggested after cholecystectomy increase risk
Also increased risk after ureterosigmoidostom

10. Pathology:
Macroscopic
Four types; annular,tubular,ulcer,cauliflower.
Microscopic
It is adenocarcinoma originating in the colonic epithelium