1. Lesson 12 Terms and Definitions
Human Body Systems
Lesson 12 Terms and Definitions

2. Oxidation Oxidation – the combination of oxygen with any substance.
Any substance could be ANYTHING – metals, living tissue, other gases, liquids, etc.

3. Combustion
According to Webster's Dictionary
Combustion - a usually rapid chemical process (as oxidation) that produces heat and usually light; also : a slower oxidation (as in the body)

4. Q: What makes up the air we breath?

5. The AIR we breath Air is made up of many gases Nitrogen (N2) – 78%
Oxygen (O2) – 21%
Argon (Ar) – 0.93%
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) – 0.038%
Other

6. Q: What does the oxygen in the air do in your body?

7. Oxygen moving into the lungs
Oxygen moves down the bronchus to the alveoli.
The alveoli walls and the walls of the capillaries are 1 cell thick.
Thin walls make O2
and CO2 exchange
easy.

8. Path cont.
Once it’s in the capillary it is carried to the cells of the body.
In the cells O2 is used for cellular respiration.

9. Glucose + Oxygen → Water + CO2 + Energy
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration – process by which nutrients are broken down and in the presence of O2 and energy is released.
Glucose + Oxygen → Water + CO2 + Energy

10. Step 1 – cellular respiration
Glycolysis – glucose (the body’s major fuel) is broken down into 1.pyruvic acid and 2.energy.
Glycolysis does NOT require oxygen.
The pyruvic acid can undergo one of two processes, depending on if O2 is present.

11. Step 2 – cellular respiration
Aerobic respiration = O2 is present.
B. Anaerobic respiration = Not enough O2 is present for aerobic respiration.

12. Aerobic Respiration Oxygen is present
Pyruvic acid is broken down and ATP is formed.
CO2 , water, and HEAT are released.
Occurs on mitochondria in the cell.

13. Mitochondria Folded membrane inside a cell.
“Power House” of the cell responsible for energy production.

14. Anaerobic Respiration
Occurs when there’s NOT enough O2 to complete the aerobic phase.
Fermentation turns pyruvic acid into lactic acid.
Later lactic acid can be converted back to pyruvic acid when O2 is present.

15. Gases and Fuels ONLY gas used = Oxygen (O2)
Glucose is the main fuel used.
Others include: fat, amino acids.

16. Energy in Cellular Respiration
60% of energy is in the form of HEAT!
Remainder is stored in a chemical called ATP – Adenosine Tri Phosphate.
Body uses this stored energy later.

17. What’s this heat used for?
Heat is used to….
Maintain body temperature
2. Rest is eliminated through perspiration, radiation, conduction, urination, and exhalation.

18. The LIVER The liver helps control glucose levels.
Too much glucose in the blood, liver converts glucose to one of 2 things:
Glycogen – stored in body tissue
Fat – stored in adipose tissue

19. Videos Discovery Education The Human Body: Pushing the Limits
Segments:
Carbohydrates and Fats: Fueling the body (8 min)