1. POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BRAKERS BY AIR COMPRESSION METHOD
By B.Snehitha
BEARING NO: 13K81D0702

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. PRINCIPLE OF WORKING. DIFFERENT MECHANISMS.
PRINCIPLE OF SPRING COIL MECHANISM.
CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN OF SPEED BREAKER AND TRENCH.
WORKING PROCEDURE.
IMPELLER.
MERITS AND ITS USES.
SCOPE.
CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
As there is tremendous vehicular growth in India year by year.
A large amount of energy is wasted at the speed breakers through friction every time when ever a vehicle passes over it.
By using simple energy conversion from mechanical to electrical.
Electricity can be generated using vehicle weight as input.
So, this is a small way to improve the current situation

4. Principle of working:
It is based on the same principle as in the case of electricity generation.
In this setup also mechanical energy is converted to electrical power using a D.C generator.
Here the vertical motion of top of the speed breaker is converted to rotational motion, which in turn rotates the generator and generates electricity.

5. Possible with different mechanism:
Spring coil mechanism.
Rack-pinion mechanism.
Crank-shaft mechanism.
Roller mechanism.

6. Of the above methods crank-shaft and roller mechanism are not used because of the demerits involved in that method.
Crank shafts are required to be mounted on bearings which creates balancing problem.

7. In Rack-pinion mechanism the rack-pinion and chain sprocket arrangement is complicated.
Maintenance will be very difficult and may cause oscillation.
So we go for spring coil mechanism

8. Spring coil mechanism
Working principle: Conversion of mechanical energy to pneumatic energy which is converted to electrical energy

9. Construction of speed breaker
Here we are making the speed breaker of vibrating type, when a vehicle crosses the speed breaker, it gets depressed and then it gets back to its original position.
Dimensions
Height of speed breaker            : 0.2m
Width of speed breaker             : 0.4m
Length of speed breaker            : 4m

10. Design of speed breaker
Material used for speed breaker is Steel.
The shape of speed breaker is trapezoidal

11. Construction of the trench
A hollow trench has to be dig out with dimensions
Height: 0.35m
Length : 4m
Width   :0.45m
The bottom layer of the trench is filled with concrete or with wooden plates of 0.5m. This is for cushion effect.
Above this layer helical springs of n windings is wounded and it has special
design

12. Working procedure
Vehicle approaching the speed breaker

13. Volume of compressed air = Volume of air in base – Volume of spring
Maximum load on the speed breaker is when the vehicle is on the middle of the speed breaker.
When the load is on the speed breaker, the volume of air compressed by it is found by,
Volume of compressed air = Volume of air in base – Volume of spring

14. A pneumatic cylinder with an FRL unit is connected to the outlet of this pipe.
When the pressure in the FRL unit exceeds the defined level the valve opens and the pressurized air is given to the nozzle.

15. Impeller Casing: The impeller has Nozzle Runner and bucket Casing
This is provided to safeguard against accidents.

16. Nozzle
The diameter of the inlet (nozzle) must be greater than the outlet.
Here the pressure energy is converted to kinetic energy i.e pressure → high velocity.
This high velocity compressed air when hits the impeller, makes it to rotate.

17. Runner
It consists of a circular disc on the periphery of which have number of buckets evenly spaced are fixed.
Each bucket is divided in to 2 symmetrical parts by a dividing wall is know as splitter. The splitter divides air jet in to two equal parts.
Materials used are cast iron, cast steel or stainless steel.
When the air strikes the runner, it rotates and continues rotation due to inertia.

18. Alternator
An Alternator is a machine which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
The output of the alternator is used to light the street light or it is rectified by inverter& stored in batteries.

20. Merits & uses
Low Budget electricity production
Less floor area
No obstruction to traffic
Easy maintenance
Suitable at parking of multiplexes, malls, signals ,etc.
Uses: Charging batteries and using them to light up the streets, etc.

21. Scope This mechanism is very economical and easy to install.
Two protocols of this type of speed breakers are developed in India but not practically implemented till now.
Practically implemented in Western European countries.
Lot of researches and investigations are going on to practically implement this technique.

22. Conclusion
The existing sources of energy such as coal, oil etc may be adequate to meet the ever increasing energy demands. These conventional sources of energy are also depleting and may be exhausted.
There are some non-conventional method for producing energy. This method is one step to path of exploring the possibilities of energy from several non-conventional energy sources.

23. QUERIES?