1. LIGHTNING

2. What is Lightning?
Lightning is a very LARGE electrical discharge that is caused by INDUCTION!
Charges build up in storm clouds and they need a place to escape.
The path of escape is for
these charges to discharge
to Earth.

3. How does Lightning Work?
In a thunderstorm, a negatively charged area builds up at the base of the cloud.
This negative area at the base of the cloud creates a positive area that builds up on the ground
This is caused due to induction – think of the pen picking up the paper because its electrons move away from the negative pen.
When enough charge builds up, the cloud discharges its excess electrons to the ground – this creates a huge spark: lightning!

4. Check out Figure 10.22 on page 410
Check out Lightning Movie Clip

5. Difference between Lightning & Thunder?
Lightning is the spark that we see as the excess electrons in a storm cloud discharge to the ground.
Thunder is the sound of the rapid expansion of air that occurs when this spark moves from the cloud to the ground.

6. LIGHTNING RODS

7. Lightning rods are metal rods that are placed near or on a building to attract lightning and conduct it safely to the ground.
They become positively charged (+) by induction and then provide a path for the lightning to hit the ground.

8. Check out Figure 10.29 on page 418

9. PHOTOCOPIERS

10. The page to be copied is reflected on a positively (+) charged selenium coated drum
The metalloid selenium is a conductor in the light and an insulator in the dark.
Where the print is reflected becomes charged while the rest of the paper is uncharged.
The negatively charged toner is brushed across the page and sticks to the positive charges!

11. Check out Figure 10.36 on page 422

12. Electrostatic Precipitator

13. A charged conductor in the center of a chimney stack charges particles in the smoke
These particles are then attracted to the grounded outside wall of the chimney where the charge is lost and the particles are deposited and so they do not escape into the air.
Some home furnaces have electrostatic filters.

14. Check out Figure10.37 on page 423

15. Static Charge at Home

16. In the dryer: Different materials build up static charges and this causes them to stick together!
Dryer sheets can stop this because they add a layer of waxy chemicals to clothing that creates less friction between clothes (less static).
Walking in socks on the carpet: Lots of friction gives you a charge. If you touch a metal doorknob you will get a shock.

17. Putting a sweater over your head: Hair gets a static charge.
Plastic Wrap: Charged plastic that clings to a neutral bowl.

18. Grounding Static Charges on Vehicles

19. Cars and planes may build up charges on their surface through friction between the vehicles outer surface and the air.

20. A simple way to prevent static build-up is by using:
● a ground strap for cars
● a needle-like projection on an airplane that disperses charges into the air

21. Static Charges & Flammable Materials

22. Sparks from the build up of static charge can be very dangerous if you are around flammable materials.

23. When planes/cars are fuelled, the very explosive fuel moving through the nozzle creates a build up of static charges.
If the nozzle comes too close to the plane’s body, a spark could ignite the fuel!
To prevent this, when fuelling, both the plane and the fuel source need to be grounded.

24. Spray Painting Cars

25. The paint coming out of the paint gun has a negative charge
Special type of spray painting that involves charging the object to be painted with a positive (+) charge
The paint coming out of the paint gun has a negative charge
This allows the paint to coat the object with a very smooth finish
Used in industrial painting
Most often the auto-industry

26. Read pages 416-420 pg 420 Q’s 1-5 pg 426 Q’s 1-6