1. Condensation polymerisation Polyesters and Polyamides
L.O.s
Describe condensation polymerisation to form polyesters and polyamides such as Terylene, poly(lactic acid), Nylon-6,6 and Kevlar®.
State the use of polyesters and polyamides as fibres in clothing.
Identify the monomer(s) required to form a given section of a polymer and vice versa.
Describe the acid and base hydrolysis of polyesters and polyamides.

2. Rearrange the words to define ‘Condensation’
which two small
such as water
molecules react
is a reaction in
a larger molecule,
of a small molecule
with the elimination
together to form
Is a reaction in which two small molecules react together to form a larger molecule, with the elimination of a small molecule such as water.

3. Polyesters
Hydroxycarboxylic acid monomer
Diol and dicarboxylic acid monomers
What other type of monomer could be used to produce a polyester?

4. Terylene Monomers are: Ethane-1,2-diol Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid
Give two uses for polyesters.
Draw the monomers.
Draw one repeat unit.
Identify the ester linkage.

5. Repeat unit: HO-CH2CH2-OH Ester linkage Monomers: Ethane-1,2-diol
Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid
Repeat unit:
HO-CH2CH2-OH n
Ester linkage

6. Poly(lactic acid) A biopolymer, made from maize. It is biodegradable.
Used for food and drinks cartons.
The one monomer is 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.

7. Polyamides
What type of monomers would be needed to produce polyamides?
Amino acid monomer
Diamine and dicarboxylic acid monomers

8. Nylon-6,6 Monomers are: 1,6-diaminohexane Hexane-1,4-dioic acid
Draw the monomers.
Draw the repeat unit.
Identify the amide link.

9. Repeat unit: amide link Monomers: 1,6-diaminohexane
Hexane-1,4-dioic acid
Repeat unit: n
amide link

10. Kevlar Monomers are: Benzene-1,4-diamine Benzene-1,4-dioic acid
Give two uses of kevlar.
Draw the monomers.
Draw the repeat unit.

11. Monomers:
Benzene-1,4-diamine
Benzene-1,4-dioic acid
Repeat unit:

12. Hydrolysis of polyesters
The conditions are always aqueous acid or aqueous alkali.
(Aqueous in hydrolysis means breaking a bond with water).
Heat

13. Hydrolysis of polyesters
Base hydrolysis NaOH / H2O
Acid hydrolysis H+ / H2O
Produces the sodium salt of the carboxylic acid and the alcohol.
Produces the carboxylic acid and the alcohol. (Slower than alkaline)
Draw the products of both types of hydrolysis

14. Acid hydrolysis H+ / H2O
Base hydrolysis NaOH / H2O

15. Hydrolysis of polyamides
The conditions are always aqueous acid or aqueous alkali.
(Aqueous in hydrolysis means breaking a bond with water).
Heat

16. Hydrolysis of polyamides
Acid hydrolysis H+ / H2O
Base hydrolysis NaOH / H2O
Produces the sodium salt of the carboxylic acid and the diamine.
Produces the dicarboxylic acid and the ammonium salt of the diamine. (Slower than alkaline)
Draw the products of both types of hydrolysis

17. Acid hydrolysis H+ / H2O
Base hydrolysis NaOH / H2O