1. Ship Disaster Investigation
Marine Kit-4
Ship Disaster Investigation

2. Ships: Mode of Transportation
Clipper Ship
Tanker Ship
Aircraft Carrier
Economical as well as technological development of ships and shipping industry has been phenomenal over the past few centuries. Modern supertankers, bulk carriers and aircraft carriers have evolved from the age old clipper ships 2 2

3. Classification of Ships According to Usage
Bulk Carriers, Tankers, container ships are used for transportation of cargo (oil, ores, grains, etc)
Cost effective way of transportation
Aircraft Carriers, Submarines, Frigates, etc play key role in defense
Technologically superior ships
Used for transportation of passengers
Cruise ships have major contribution to tourism industry

4. Ship Safety

5. Safety: Big Issue for Ocean-going Vessels
Safety of ships, cargo, crew and passenger ships is the most critical
Any flaw in design, construction or operation of ship can cause disasters like “Titanic”

6. Dangers Uneven Loading Storm / Heavy Seas Fire Human Errors
Faults in Design / Construction

7. Ship Disasters: Case 1 RMS Titanic Sank : April 15, 1912
1517 People died
Cause: Titanic struck an iceberg broke apart into 2 pieces
Sinking of Titanic had major impact on the design of ships. While Titanic had double bottom, she did not have double hull. After her sinking, new ships were designed with double hull and fully extended watertight bulkheads

8. Ship Disasters: Case 2 SS Edmund Fitzgerald Sank: November 10, 1975
All 29 crew members perished
Cause: Gale Storm
Fitzgerald took on water through the damaged cargo hold covers and was then overwhelmed by the gigantic waves

9. Ship Disasters: Case 3 Exxon Valdez
On March 24, 1989 she ran aground on Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound Alaska
It spilled 11 million gallons of crude oil, one of the largest spills in human history
Caused major threat to flora and fauna in the region

10. Basic Ship Terminology

11. Starboard
Stern
Bow
Port
Bow : Front part of the ship
Stern : Rear part of the ship
Starboard: Right side of the ship
Port : Left side of the ship

12. Ship: A Big Floating Body
Roll: Rolling is the motion of a floating body about the longitudinal axis ( axis along the length of the body)
Pitch: Pitching is the motion about the transverse axis of the body (i.e. axis along the width of the ship.
Yaw: Yawing is the motion of a floating body about the vertical axis.
Terminology

13. Draft of a ship is the vertical distance between the waterline and the bottom of the hull
Freeboard of a ship is the vertical distance above the waterline
Beam of a ship is the width of a ship at any cross section

14. Ship Disaster Investigation Activity

15. Things Needed Contents of the Kit
Ship Disaster Investigation Agency Agent’s Guide
Ship Disaster Case
Check sheet
Things Needed
Calculator

16. General Guidelines
Simulation involves analysis of ship disaster case studies. Students play role of Ship Disaster Investigation Agency (SDIA) agents analyzing the ship disasters
SDIA agents identify the possible causes for the disaster
This activity requires 2 class periods
During the first period study the case, identify the reasons for the ship disaster by consulting the SDIA agent’s guide
Present the findings in the given format during the second period

17. Analysis of Ship Disaster Cases
Day 1
Analysis of Ship Disaster Cases

18. Disaster Case Study Form investigation teams of 4-5 students each
Each team gets one ship disaster case to analyze
Read the case carefully
Fill the check sheet
Look for the clues, they can be present in the case description
Consult the SDIA agent’s guide for more technical information
Use conversion factors and formulae if necessary
Find the reasons that caused the disaster

19. Presentation of Findings (Report)
Day 2
Presentation of Findings (Report)

20. Presentation
Use the standard ship disaster investigation report template
Prepare your report
Identify a team member to present the findings
Present your findings to the class

21. Case Study Assessment
Ship disaster investigation reports will be assessed based on the following quality characteristics
Understanding of the nature of the disaster
Ability of SDIA agents to find the clues
Ability of SDIA agents to find the reasons for the disaster
Presenting the findings of the analysis

22. Wrap Up
Return the SDIA agent’s guide to the teacher