1. Introduction to the Ingredients of Life Macromolecules Intro II

2. Macromolecules are the ingredients of all living things.

3. Macromolecules Provide:
Source of Energy
Energy Storage
Building Blocks of our Bodies
Instructions on how to Build

4. Four Biological Macromolecules:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids

5. Proteins

6. Why are Proteins Important?
Movement
Muscles
skin, hair, fingernails, claws
collagen, keratin
Enzymes
digestive enzyme in stomach

7. Why are Proteins Important?
hormones
Send signals from one body system to another
hormone that controls blood sugar levels
immune system
Antibodies
Channels
Transport pathway in the cell membrane

8. An Enzyme is a Protein Wait, that’s a new word….what is an enzyme?
Click

9. The Nitty-Gritty of Enzymes:
The names of enzymes end in -ase
Enzymes lower the activation energy for chemical reactions.
Translation: they help chemical reactions go faster
Enzymes help to break apart substances into usable building blocks
Translation: they break things down into smaller parts

10. Channel Proteins

11. What does a protein look like?
insulin
collagen (skin)
pepsin

12. For proteins: SHAPE matters!
Proteins fold & twist into 3-D shape
growth hormone
hemoglobin
Different shapes = different jobs

13. It’s SHAPE that matters!
Proteins do their jobs, because of their shape
unfolded “denatured”
folded
Unfolding a protein destroys its shape

14. it’s all about the SHAPE!
In Biology,
it’s all about the SHAPE!

15. What are Proteins Made Of?
Building block (monomer) =
amino acids
amino
acid –

16. 20 Different Amino Acids —N— H | —C— C—OH || O variable group
There’s 20 of us…
like 20 different letters in an alphabet! Can make lots of different words
variable group

17. Organism Books Organs Chapters Tissues Paragraphs Protein Sentences
How Does it Work?
Imagine amino acids like letters of the alphabet…
Amino Acids
Polypeptides
Protein
Tissues
Organs
Organism
Letters
Words
Sentences
Paragraphs
Chapters
Books

18. Just like a bunch of letters can make words, words put together make sentences, sentences put together make paragraphs, paragraphs put together, make chapters, and chapters put together make books…
Our bodies form in a similar way…a bunch of amino acids can make a polypeptide, a bunch of polypeptides make a protein, a bunch of proteins can make tissues, a bunch of tissues can make organs, and a bunch of organs can make you!

19. Proteins would make up 75% of our bodies!
If you took away the water….
Proteins would make up 75% of our bodies!

20. All ANIMALS are made up of PROTEINS!!!

21. What does our bodies do with proteins?
Our bodies will break down the proteins into building blocks called amino acids and rebuild what we need…
It’s like breaking apart a Lego house to rebuild something else.

22. Where do we get amino acids to build proteins???
Our bodies make some amino acids
The rest we get from our food!!!

23. Animals, including us, have lost the ability to produce certain amino acids. 

24. Essential Amino Acids
It is “essential” to our survival, that we eat food to get the amino acids that we cannot produce.
These amino acids are called…

25. What I absolutely MUST know…
Proteins are made up of amino acids
Proteins make enzymes
Enzymes lower activation energy for chemical reactions
Enzymes break apart substances for other uses
Proteins make hormones
Hormones send signals
Proteins make channels
Channels transport molecules

26. Review
Do NOT do Fold It…it is not compatible with student computers and takes way too long to load.