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Efficient Round-Trip Time Monitoring in OpenFlow Networks

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Presentation on theme: "Efficient Round-Trip Time Monitoring in OpenFlow Networks"โ€” Presentation transcript:

1 Efficient Round-Trip Time Monitoring in OpenFlow Networks
Alon Atary Anat Bremler-Barr Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ื‘ืžืฆื’ืช ื”ื–ื• ืืฆื™ื’ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืœื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ RTT ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช OpenFlow ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืค' ืขื ืช ื‘ืจืžืœืจ ื‘ืจ ื•ืชื•ืฆื’ ื‘INFOCOM 2016. Supported by the European Research Council, and Neptune Consortium.

2 Motivation: Granular RTT Monitoring
RTT โ€“ Round Trip Time Time to send a packet and receive a response Applications: Bottlenecks and anomalies detection, traffic engineering Existing Tools, such as Ping and Traceroute, are limited in traditional networks Only between L3 entities Cannot measure any selected route Routing changes ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช: ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื”ืจ, ืžื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช (ืœืžื” ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ RTT ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืžืฉ), ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื. ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ RTT ื‘ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืกื’ืžื ื˜ื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ- ืžื” ื–ื” RTT? RTT ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืœืคืงื˜ื” ืœืฆืืช ืžื ืงื•ื“ื” A ื‘ืจืฉืช, ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” B ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื ืชืกืคื™ืง ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” โ€“ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืคืงื˜ื” ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ s2 ืœs6 ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืœื•ืš ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช). ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉื ื™โ€“ ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ? ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ RTT ืขื ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ืืคืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ OF ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืืžืช ืžื” ื”RTT ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช. ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช input ื ื”ื“ืจ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืจืฉืช. (ื–ื” ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” , ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื, ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื•ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืจืฉืชื•ืช). ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœื›ืœื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืจืฉืช. ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ RTT ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ืจืฉืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ RTT ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืจืฉืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช (ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• voip) ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืžื“ื•ื“ RTT ืฉืœ ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืจืฉืช ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื‘ืจืฉืช, ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ RTT ืฉืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืขื’ืœื™ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ืจืฉืช (RTP) ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช input ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™โ€“ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช RTT ื”ื ping ื•Traceroute, ืœื›ืœื™ื ืืœื• ื™ืฉ 3 ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ RTT ื‘ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ื ืง ื‘ื•ื“ื“. ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ื‘ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืจืฉืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช IP ื•ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ RTT ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช. ื”scope ืฉืœ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจืฉืช (intra-network) ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฉืชื•ืช (inter-network). ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืื ื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืกื’ืžื ื˜ ืจืฉืช ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืžืืžืจ ืฉื™ืฆื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ Microsoft ื•ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ืงืจื pingMesh ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ืจืื ื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช. ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืžืืžืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ืกืงืืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• data centers ื•ืื– ืžืกืคืง ื’ืจืื ื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืชืชื™ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ื ืง ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืื• ืžืกืคืจ ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™. 2) ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืจืฉืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืกื’ืžื ื˜ ื”ืจืฉืช ืื•ืชื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืื“ื•ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžื“ื•ื“) ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืชืŸ ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืื•ืชื. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ื ืง ื‘ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื•). ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืชืขืœื” ืคื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื’ื ื›ื›ื” ืœืžื” ืฉื ืจืฆื” ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื™ื ืง ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฆืจ ื•ืœื ืขืžื•ืก ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืขื•ืžืก ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœ s2. 3) ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื™ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื ื ืกื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื”ืŸ ื ื’ืจืžื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ืกื’ืžื ื˜ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื‘ืจืฉืช โ€“ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื“ื™ื•ืงื™ื. ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ,ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  5 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7

3 Goal: RTT Monitoring in OpenFlow
Scalable, generic and efficient RTT monitoring of: All links in the network (L2) ๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘›๐‘”๐‘™๐‘’ ๐‘™๐‘–๐‘›๐‘˜: ๐‘…๐‘‡๐‘‡ ๐‘  2 โ†” ๐‘  1 Any selected round trip path (RTP) ๐‘†๐‘ฆ๐‘š๐‘š๐‘’๐‘ก๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘…๐‘‡๐‘ƒ:๐‘…๐‘‡๐‘‡ ๐‘  2 โ†’ ๐‘  4 โ†’ ๐‘  6 โ†’ ๐‘  4 โ†’ ๐‘  2 ๐ด๐‘ ๐‘ฆ๐‘š๐‘š๐‘’๐‘ก๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘…๐‘‡๐‘ƒ:๐‘…๐‘‡๐‘‡ ๐‘  2 โ†’ ๐‘  3 โ†’ ๐‘  4 โ†’ ๐‘  2 OpenFlow No support for RTT time measurements Full control over network routing Duplication, Tagging OpenFlow Controller 1 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 2 3 ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช: ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘openflow. ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื ื˜ืจ RTT ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช OpenFlow. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ืื™ื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ื”, ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ื™ืชืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืจืฉืช, ื•ื™ืขื™ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ RTT ืžืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื: ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ switches ื‘ืจืฉืช. (ื”ื ืคืฉื”) ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ื–ื” ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืคืงื˜ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”RTT ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ s_2 ืœื‘ื™ืŸ s_1. ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืขื’ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช, ืฉืžืชื—ืœื™ื ื•ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• switch. (ื”ื ืคืฉื”) ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ื–ื” ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืคืงื˜ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”RTP ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘s_2. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ืื• ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉื ื™- openflow ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืชืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ OpenFlow, openflow ืคืชื— ืขื•ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ืขื ื–ืืช ืื™ืŸ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ RTT ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื”ื ืœืกืคืง. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื— ืฉืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืจืฉืช). ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืจืฉืช, ื ื•ืชืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื•ืžืกืคืง ืœืžืขืฉื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ื”, ื”ื•ื: ืชื™ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืจืฉืช ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—. ืžืืคืฉืจ ืฉื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ื”ืคืฆื” ืฉืœ ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื”. ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื• ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชืืคืฉืจ ืจืง ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขื Openflow ื”ื—ืœ ืžื’ืจืกื 1.3, ื•ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืคื™ื–ืื‘ื™ืœื™ ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช. 4 1 2 3 2

4 Our solution โ€“ GRAMI GRAnular RTT Monitoring Infrastructure
GRAMI works in two phases: Offline: Controller application finds a location set for k measurement points (MPs) and builds an overlay network Online: Active probing from the MPs in measurement rounds The RTT of a single link\RTP is calculated in the MPs by subtracting the RTT of different paths Controller application = โˆ’ ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘ก ๐‘  1 โ†” ๐‘  2 ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก ๐‘ก ๐‘š 1 โ†” ๐‘  1 โ†” ๐‘  2 ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก ๐‘ก ๐‘š 1 โ†” ๐‘  1 ๐‘š 1 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช: ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ GRAMI ืื™ืš ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“. ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช Openflow ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• GRAMI ืฉื–ื” GRAnular RTT Monitoring Infrastructure ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ืฉืœื‘ offline ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื‘ ื”offline ืฉื‘ื• ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื˜ืจื•ืœืจ, ืžื•ืฆืืช k ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื” ื•ื‘ื•ื ื” ืจืฉืช ืžื›ืกื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”) ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืžื•ืชืงื ืช ืžืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื˜ืจื•ืœืจ (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉื•ืœื—ืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืฆืืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื”) ื”controller ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื”. ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืืœื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืจืฉืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืชืงื ื” ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช, ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉื•ืœื—ืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืžืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืืœื™ื” ื•ืื– ืžื•ื“ื“ืช ืืช ื”RTT ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช ื™ืฉ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื” (k ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื”). ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ 2 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.. (ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื“ืข ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื™ืงื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืจืืฉ). (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืจืฉืช ืžื›ืกื”) ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืจืฉืช ืžื›ืกื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืฉืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืชืชื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื“ื“ื• ืืช ื”RTT. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉื ื™ โ€“ ืฉืœื‘ online ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”online ืฉื‘ื• ื ืฉืœื—ื•ืช ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ interval ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžืจืืฉ ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื•ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืžื ื” ื”ืŸ ื™ืฆืื•. ื”ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื™ืฉืœื—ื• ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืื•ืชืŸ. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืจืฉืช) ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ืžื“ื™ื“ื”. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘) ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืœื ืฆืžื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืœื™ื ืง ื•ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืจืฆื” ืœืžื“ื•ื“, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”RTT ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” RTT ืฉื•ื ื™ื (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ืœื™ื ืง ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“) ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”RTTT ื”ื–ื”? ืœื“ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœื™ื ืง ืฉืœื ื• ื ืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘RTT ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื: (ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช) ื•ืื– ื ื—ืกืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื ืฉืขืจืš ืืช ื”RTT ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืขื variance ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืชืžืงื“ื” ื‘ื•. ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘switches ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืžืืœืฆืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”RTT. ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง ื—ื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืขื variance ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœscope ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื ื•. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ืฉ middleboxes ืื• switches ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื– ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ื ืกื™ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืœื™ื ืง ื”ื ืžื“ื“. ๐‘š 2

5 Agenda Solution overview Solution drilldown Related work
Considerations Workflow Solution drilldown Related work Experimental results ืื– ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื? ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืžื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ, ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื™ื•ื• ืื•ืชื ื•, ื•ืื– ื ืจืื” ืืช work flow ืฉืœ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืžื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ื‘ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื ื›ื ืก ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื•ืžืง ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ. ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ื‘ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•. ื ืกื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืœื•ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืฉืœื‘ ืื ื—ื ื•.

6 GRAMI considerations Compatibility with every OpenFlow network
No assumptions on topology or size No changes to switch software or hardware No time synchronization Resource efficient Minimal number of probe packets and flow entries Up to 4+2๐‘Ÿ flow entries for ๐‘Ÿ RTPs and ๐‘› links Minimal controller involvement Accurate and consistent Flexible Any number of MPs located on demand Dynamic updates ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช: ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•. ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื™ืš ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”. ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืจืฉืช openflow. ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ืจืฉืช open flow. ืœื›ืŸ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื•ืคืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืจืฉืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘switches ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืื• ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื”, ืื• ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ Openflow . ืœื›ืŸ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื”switches ืขืฆืžื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ืžืขื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ื–ื” ืฉื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจืชื™ ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ืกืงืœืื‘ื™ืœื™. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื–ืžื ื™ื ื–ื• ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื’ื“ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืกื ื›ืจืŸ ื–ืžื ื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื’ื one way delay ื•ืœื ืจืง RTT. ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ switches ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืจืฉืฅ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉื ื™ โ€“ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื—ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื”ืจืฉืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื›ืžื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืœื”ืขืžื™ืก ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื ืขืžื™ืก ืขืœื™ื” ื ืคื’ืข ื‘ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”switches ืžืกืคืจ ื”flow entries ื‘openflow ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ื” ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ื™ืฉ ื“ื’ืจื“ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”switch. ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”controller, ื”controller ื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืœื ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”controller ื”ื•ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืžื•ืกื” ื‘ืจืฉืช ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืืžืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจืื• ืฉืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”RTT ื“ืจื›ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื™ ื“ื™ื•ืง ื ืจืฆื” ื›ื™ ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืœื ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ื“ืจืš ื”controller ื•ืฉื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฆืข, ื”controller ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืืชื—ื•ืœ, ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœืขืœื•ืช ืืœื™ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ืœื ืœื”ืขืžื™ืก ืขืœื™ื• ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืข. ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื 4 ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ switch ื•ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื 2 ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”switches ื‘ืจืฉืช. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ โ€“ ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืชืŸ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื”MPs ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื›ืกื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืžืง ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื™ืชื—ืœืงื• ื›ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืฉื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ MPs. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ - ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื›ืžื” ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ื•ืื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืžืงื ืื•ืชื. ืคื” ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืชืขื“ืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ืง (ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช) ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืฉื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ - ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ื™ื. ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ื ืืžื™, ื‘ืจืžืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื—ืœืงืŸ ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืื™ื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื“ืขืช ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ื“ื“ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื. ืื—ืจืช, ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืชืงื ื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ื•ื–ื” ืžื˜ืจื“ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ืœืžืคืขื™ืœ ื”ืจืฉืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื“ืื’ื ื• ื›ื™ GRAMI ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”flow entries ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืœืœื ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช.

7 Workflow โ€“ offline and online phases
How many MPs? Which RTPs? Offline Calculations โ€“ Controller Application Establish the overlay network Derive and install flow entries Controller app Compute MPs location set ๐‘š 1 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 Online RTT Monitoring โ€“ MPs ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช: ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืื™ืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœืคื™ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ overview ื•ืœื ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.. ืžื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ื”work flow ืžืชื—ืœืง ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื โ€“ offline ื•online. ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ offline- ืชื—ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”controller application ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”offline, ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืชืชื•ืงืŸ ืขืœ ื”controller ืชืชื›ื ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช, ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื”controller ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘. ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”controller ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื‘ื, ื›ืžื” MPs ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ (ืืคืฉืจื™ ื’ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื™ืคื” ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื ืื• ืืช ื—ืœืงื) ื•ืื™ืœื• RTPs ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื“ื•ื“. ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ืฉื ืจืฆื”. (ื•ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ื˜ื•ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”) ืฉืœื‘ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืชื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื ื ืชื•ื ื•ืช, ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื›ืจืขืช ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื›ืกื” ืฉื ื‘ื ื” (ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืง ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ืจืฉืช ื•ืœืขื•ืžืง ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™). ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื ื™ - ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื›ืกื”. ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื™ื ืจืฉืช ืœืœื ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ื•ืงืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”switches ื•ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช. ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ โ€“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืชื’ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืจืฉืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”switches ืืช ื”flow entries ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื•ื’ื ืืช ื”RTPs. ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ online - ืชื—ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”MPs ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื ื‘ื ืชื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื•ืชืงื ื• ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ื—ืœืง ื”online, ื‘ื—ืœืง ื–ื”, ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื™ืฉืœื—ื• ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื•ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื•ืื– ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื™ื ืชื—ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืฉื ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”RTT. ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืคื” ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื”. ืฉืœื‘ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ - ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ื”ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช โ€“ ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื™ืฉืœื—ื• ืคืงื˜ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”, ื”ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื›ืคืœื• ื•ื™ื•ืคืฆื• ื‘ืจืฉืช ื•ื™ื›ืกื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื”. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืŸ ืœื ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื›ืคืœื•ืช ืืœื ื’ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ืŸ ืชื™ื•ื’ ืฉืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉื”ืŸ ืขื‘ืจื• ืื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ. ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืชืืจื™ื ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืกื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื•ืžืง ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš. ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”RTT โ€“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืคืขื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื ืฉืœื— ืœcontroller ืื• ืœื›ืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืฉื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืืช ื–ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืžืขืœื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืืช ื”switch ื”ื—ื“ืฉ). ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช, ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืชื“ืข ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ (ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื˜ื•ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื•). ๐‘š 2 Probe packets distribution RTT calculations

8 Step 1 offline phase: Compute the MPs location set
Optimal MPs location set: Minimize the maximal depth Lower depth = Higher accuracy Balances the number of links measured by each MP Balance the number of return probe packets ๐‘š 1 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช: ื›ืขืช ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคืจื˜ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื•ืžืง ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ. ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”offline ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืืช ืกื˜ ื”ืžื™ืงื•ืžื™ื ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”MPs. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ- ืžื” ื ืชื•ืŸ ื•ืžื” ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื” MPs ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ. ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืกื˜ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžืงื ืืช ื”MPs. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™) (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”) ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืง ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืœื™ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฆื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ืœืคื™ ืขื•ืžืง) ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•, ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื’ืจื ืœืจืขืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืžืง ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืง, ืžืฉืžืข ื›ืžื” ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื™ื ืง ื”ื ืžื“ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”MP. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืœื™ื ืง ื•switch ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืจืขืฉ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืจืฆื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืจื—ืง ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ ื‘ืจืฉืช (ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืง ื”ื›ื™ ืจื—ื•ืง ืžMP) ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™. ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื ืจืฆื” ืฉืžืกืคืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ืฉืœ ืงืฉืชื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื”ื–ื”. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื•ืžืจืื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”) ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื‘ื”ื ืชืŸ ืฉื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ืชื—ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”MPs ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื–ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื•ืžืกื™ื ืขืœ MP ืื—ื“ ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืขื•ืžืกื™ื ืขืœ MP ืื—ืจ. ืฉื•ื‘, ืจืง ืื ื–ื” ืœื ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืขื•ืžืก. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืžื—ืœืงืช ืืช ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ืœืคื™ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื MP) (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืคืงื˜ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืœื™ื ืง, ื ืจืฆื” ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ืœMP ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื–ืŸ. ๐‘š 2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  5 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7

9 Step 1 offline phase: Compute the MPs location set
NP-hard problem โ€“ select the better location set of two polynomial approaches: Farthest-first traversal greedy algorithm Choose first switch randomly Add farthest switch Result โ€“ 5 links with depth 3 ๐ท๐‘’๐‘๐‘กโ„Ž = 2๐‘œ๐‘๐‘ก+1 Local-search heuristic Choose optimal switch Add optimal switch Result โ€“ 2 links with depth 3 ๐‘š 1 ๐‘š 1 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ - ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงืฉื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื™ืืช ืกื˜ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช metric k-center problem, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจื“ื•ืงืฆื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื›ืœ ืฆืœืข ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืœืžืฆื•ื ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื NP-hard. ( ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืจื“ื•ืงืฆื™ื” ืžื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘NP ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืงืฉื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื”). ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ืกืงืœืื‘ื™ืœื™, ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื . ( ื”ื ืคืฉื”) ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉื ืฉืœ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ื‘ื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืจื ื“ื•ืžื™ืช ืขื ื”ื›ื ืกืช MP) (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ื‘ื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืจื—ื•ืง) (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ื”ื›ื ืก ืชื•ืฆืื” ืขื ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ 5 ื‘ืขื•ืžืง 3) ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ 2, ื•ืขื ื”ืจื“ื•ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ 2opt+1. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ื”ืกืจ ืืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืฆื’ ืฉื•ืจื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”) ( ื”ื ืคืฉื” ื‘ื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™) (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ื‘ื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื). (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืขื ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื•ืฆื‘ืขื™, ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ 2 ืขื ืขื•ืžืง 2. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ: O(kn) ื›ื™ ื–ื” k ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื•ืœ BFS ืฉื–ื” O(|E|+|V|)=O(|E|)=O(n) ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™: O(kn) ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื n ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœืžืฉืš k ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืขื•ืฉื™ื BFS ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ O(kn*n)=O(kn^2) ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ incrementaly. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™). ๐‘š 2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘š 2 ๐‘  5 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7

10 Step 2 offline phase: Establish the overlay network
Sets a singular shortest path from every switch and link to its closest MP Accuracy Fixed routing Every link and RTP is measured exactly once Minimal overhead caused by probe packets ๐‘š 1 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื”MPs, ื›ืขืช ื ืจืฆื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื›ืกื” ืื– ืžื” ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื›ืกื”? ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’: ืœืจืฉืช ื”ืžื›ืกื” ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” โ€“ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื•ื”switches ืžื”MP ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ืกื‘ืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื•ืช. ืขืฆื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื•ื”switches ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื‘ื•ืข (ื›ืš ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื’ืจืžื• ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื‘). ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ื›ื™ ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฆืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ. ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” โ€“ ื›ืœ ืœื™ื ืง ื•ื›ืœ RTP ื™ืžื“ื“ื• ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ืœื ื ืจืฆื” ืฉื”ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื. ๐‘š 2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  5 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7

11 Step 2 offline phase: Establish the overlay network
For a single MP: Set a shallow spanning tree Solid links Add the rest of the links Dashed links Terms: Parent link: The single ingress solid link of every switch. Singular shortest path to every switch Egress links: links directed out Every link is measured exactly once ๐‘š 1 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ืœMP ื™ื—ื™ื“: ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื• ืฉืœื‘ื™ืช: (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืœื‘ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืขืฅ ืคื•ืจืฉ ืจื“ื•ื“). ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืฅ ืคื•ืจืฉ ืจื“ื•ื“, ืฉื–ื” ืขืฅ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ื”MP ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฆืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”switches. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฆื” ืฉืœ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื BFS ืžื”MP. ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื”ืจืฆื™ืคื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฆืจื” ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”switches. ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื•ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžืฉืงืœ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื•ืกืคื” ืฉืœื• ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื•ืกืคื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืื–ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขืฅ ื’ื ื‘ืจืžื” ืื—ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœMPS. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ืงื™ื). ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ืงื™ื, ืžืžืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื˜ ื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ืจืฆื™ืคื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื•ืงื•ื™ื ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืžืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืœื™ื ืง) ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืงื™ื ื’ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฉื ื” ื›ื™ ื ืจืฆื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™, ื•ืื ื ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืžืง ื™ื”ื™ื” 4 ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื ื•. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉื ื™โ€“ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉืœ ืœื™ื ืง ืื‘ื ื•ืืช ื”ืœื™ื ืง ื”ืื“ื•ื ืฉืœ switch 6) ืฉื ื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื›ื™ืจื•, ืื—ื“ ื–ื” ืœื™ื ืง ืื‘ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืœื™ื ืง ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ืจืฆื™ืฃ ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื›ืœ switch, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืžื”ืœื™ื ืง ื”ื•ืจื” ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœswitch ืžื”MP ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื” ืคืขื ืื—ืช. (ื”ื ืคืฉื”, ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฆืจื” ืขื ืขื•ื“ ืœื™ื ืง ืื“ื•ื) ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉืื ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”switches ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื™ื ืง ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื• ื›ืœ ืคืขื, ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฆืจื” ืœMP ืžืžื ื• ื™ืฆืื ื•. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉืœ ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืง) ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืชื›ื™ืจื• ื–ื” ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื, ื›ื™ ืจืง ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื”ืคืฆื”. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืชื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื–ื” ืžื•ื“ื“ ืคืขื ืื—ืช) ืขืฆื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื™ืžื ืข ืžืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื ื“ื•ื“ ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื’ื ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. . ๐‘š 2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  5 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7

12 Step 2 offline phase: Establish the overlay network
In case of multiple MPs: Divide links between k MPS k sub networks with single MP Create an overlay network for each sub network Merge sub networks Validate single parent link ๐‘  2 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 ๐‘š 2 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  3 ๐‘š 1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 ๐‘š 2 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  3 ๐‘š 1 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 ๐‘š 1 ๐‘š 2 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 ๐‘š 1 ๐‘š 2 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 ๐‘š 1 ๐‘š 2 ๐‘š 1 ๐‘š 2 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ืœื›ืžื” MPs: ื–ื” ืžืชื—ืœืง ืœ-4 ืฉืœื‘ื™ื: (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืžืคืฆืœืช ืืช ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื) ืฉืœื‘ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”k MPs ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ switches ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• k ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืขื MP ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื, ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ื”overlay networks ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ 2) ื ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื›ืกื” ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ 3) ืžื” ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืœืื—ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช, ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืฉื™ืฆืจื ื• ื•ื ืขืชื™ืง ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื•ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืœืจืฉืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื•ื•ื˜ื™ืฆ'ื™ื ืขื 2 ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ื‘ืื“ื•ื) ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคื” ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฆ'ื™ื ืขื ื›ืžื” parent link, (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ 4 ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื—ืœืคื” ืฉืœ ืจืฆื™ืคื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื•ืงื™ื). ื ื“ืื’ ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”switches ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ื ืง ืื‘ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืžื” ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื–ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืงืฆืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

13 The online phase: Tagging packets is common and efficient in OpenFlow
Vlan, Ethernet, Payload Probe packet types: Packet type affects switch behavior Forward Return ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 ๐‘š 1 ๐‘š 2 Link ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช โ€“ ื“ื™ืœื’ื ื• ืขืœ ืฉืœื‘ 3 ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”offline ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืืžืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ืืช ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘online. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”switches ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืชื™ื•ื’ื™ื ืœืคืงื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืคืงื˜ื” ืขื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ, ืขืœ ื‘ื–ื” ื ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ื›ืจื’ืข ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขื ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืช). (ื”ื ืคืฉื”) ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคื” ื‘vlan tags ื‘ethernet ื•ื‘payload ื ืคืจื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืžืฆืื ื•. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืคืงื˜ื•ืช) ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉื ื™ ื ืกืžืŸ ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื›ืกื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืžืœืื•ืช. ื›ื›ื” ื ื“ืข ืขื ื”ืคืงื˜ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืขื ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ืื• ื”ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช RTP ื ืกืžืŸ ื‘ืื“ื•ื ื•ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื ืกืžืŸ ื‘ืกื’ื•ืœ. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืกื•ื’ ื”ืคืงื˜ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”switch. RTP

14 Step 1 online phase: Overlay network Probe packet distribution
Single MP, first without RTP Switches algorithm - Traverse the overlay network: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. IF forward packet: IF link packet: Send return link packet to ingress port IF from parent (solid): Duplicate and Distribute to egress links IF Return packet: Tag if needed Send packet to parent port. ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 ๐‘š 1 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 ๐‘š 1 ๐‘š 2 ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช โ€“ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœswitch ื™ื—ื™ื“) ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชืžืงื“ ื‘switch ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ืขื RTPs ืืœื ืจืง ืื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืช. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉื ื™ โ€“ ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืฉืžื•ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”flow entries ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘switches. ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื”MPs ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ื”ื•ื“ืขื” - ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื“ืขืช forward ืขื ืœื™ื ืง. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื•ืื– ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ 3 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื) ืื ื–ื• ืคืงื˜ื” ืฉื ื›ื ืกื” ืขื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ื–ื• ืคืงื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ื ืง ืื– ืชื—ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ืคืงื˜ืช ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืกื’ืžื ื˜ ืขื“ ืื•ืชื” ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื•ืชื—ื–ื™ืจ ืžืื™ืคื” ืฉื‘ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™. ืื ื”ืœื™ื ืง ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ื ืง ื”ื•ืจื” (ืจืฆื™ืฃ) ืื– ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ื•ืชืคื™ืฅ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื” ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคืฆื” ืžืขืœ ืœื™ื ืง ืžืงื•ื•ืงื•) ืื ื”ืœื™ื ืง ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ื ืง ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื parent link ืื– ืืœ ืชืฉื›ืคืœ ืืœื ืจืง ืชื—ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืชืง. ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื ื’ื™ืข ืœS2 ื ืคื™ืฅ ืœs_4, ืืœื ื ืคื™ืฅ ืœืฉื ืจืง ืฉื ื’ื™ืข ื“ืจืš ื”parent port (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ืคืงื˜ื” ื—ื–ื•ืจืช ืขื ืฉื•ืจื•ืช 10-12) ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื”ืฉืืจืชื™ ืืช ืฉื•ืจื•ืช 6-9 ืจื™ืงื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉืžืฉื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”RTP. ืื ื”ืคืงื˜ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคืงื˜ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืื– ืชื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื”, ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžืชื—ืœืง ืœืฉื ื™ ืžืงืจื™ื, ืื—ื“ ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉ ืชื™ื•ื’ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื. ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”parent port ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื–ืจ

15 Step 1 online phase: Full overlay network distribution
๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 ๐‘š 1 ๐‘š 1 โ†” ๐‘  3 ๐‘  1 โ†” ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 โ†” ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 โ†” ๐‘  4 ๐‘  3 โ†” ๐‘  2 ๐‘  4 โ†” ๐‘  6 ๐‘  3 โ†” ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 โ†” ๐‘  5 ๐‘  3 โ†” ๐‘  6 ๐‘  6 โ†” ๐‘  7 ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื™ื˜ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™

16 Step 2 online phase: RTT computations for a single link
RTT of a single link Always subtract the shortest path ends with a parent link If the network is stable, the MP can calculate the RTTs without knowing the topology ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘ก ๐‘  1 โ†” ๐‘  2 = ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก ๐‘ก ๐‘š 1 โ†” ๐‘  1 โ†” ๐‘  2 โˆ’ ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก ๐‘ก ๐‘š 1 โ†” ๐‘  1 ๐‘š 1 1 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 2 ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช: ืื– ืื™ืš ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ื ืง ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžื ื• ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”RTT ื‘ื™ืŸ s_2 ืœs_1 ื ืฉืœื— ืคืงื˜ื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขื“ s_1 (ื”ื ืคืฉื”) ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืคืงื˜ื” ืฉืชืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืขื“ ืœs_1 ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ืชืฆื ืคืงื˜ื” ืฉืชืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืœื™ื ืง ืฉื ืจืฆื” ืœืžื“ื•ื“. ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”RTT ื™ื™ืชืŸ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืœRTT ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืง ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื ื—ืกืจ ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉื ื’ืžืจ ื‘parent link. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื™ื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืคืงื˜ื” ื•ื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™, ื”MP ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื•ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช.

17 Tagging the required information
The MPs should know : Measurement round Identify the path traversed. ๐ฟ๐‘–๐‘›๐‘˜ โ‰ก๐น๐‘–๐‘Ÿ๐‘ ๐‘ก ๐‘ ๐‘ค๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘โ„Ž ๐ผ๐ท+๐ฟ๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘ก ๐‘ ๐‘ค๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘โ„Ž ๐ผ๐ท Identify if return from parent. Return from shortest part ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช: ืื– ืืžืจื ื• ืฉื”MP ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืคืงื˜ื”, ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”? ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื” ื”MPs ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช: ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”MPs ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช 3 ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื) ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืœื— ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื™ื™ื™ืš ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘payload ื•ื”switches ืœื ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ืขื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”. ื‘) ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉื ืžื“ื“ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื”ื” (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืืช ื”IDs) ื’) ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืงืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ืกืจ (ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื”parent flag) ืฉืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืงืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”switches ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื“ืข ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ืกืจ. Payload Parent Flag ID1 ID2 Round Number

18 Step 1 online phase: RTP Probe packet distribution
Let ๐‘† ๐‘ to be the first switch in RTP ๐‘ƒ Switches algorithm - Traverse the overlay network and RTP: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. IF forward packet: IF link packet: Send return link packet to ingress port IF from parent (solid): Duplicate and Distribute to egress links Send forward RTP packet to RTPs IF RTP packet: IF not ๐‘† ๐‘ : send over RTP ๐‘ƒ IF ๐‘† ๐‘ :send return RTP packet to parent IF Return packet: Tag if needed Send packet to parent port. ๐‘š 1 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 3 ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื–ื• ื ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืื™ืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ RTP (ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”online phase ื•ื ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช sp ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”switch ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ RTP ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉื ื™ ื›ืขืช ื ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื RTP ืื ื”ืคืงื˜ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžืœื™ื ืง ืจืฆื™ืฃ ืขื ืœื™ื ืง ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืชืฉืœื— ืื•ืชื” ืœื›ืœ ื”RTPs ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”RTPs ืจืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช. ืื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืคืงื˜ืช RTP ืื– ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง, ืื ื–ื” ืœื sp ืื– ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“, ืื—ืจืช ืœื”ืคื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื” ืœืคืงื˜ืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืขื“ ืฉืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืžืงื•ื ืžืžื ื• ื™ืฆืื” 1 2

19 Step 2 online phase: RTT computations for a single link
RTT of an RTP ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘ก ๐‘  2 โ†’ ๐‘  2 = ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก ๐‘ก ๐‘š 1 โ†’ ๐‘  2 โ†’ ๐‘  2 โ†” ๐‘š 1 โˆ’ ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก ๐‘ก ๐‘š 1 โ†” ๐‘  2 ๐‘š 1 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช: ืื– ืื™ืš ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ RTP ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”RTT ืฉืœ RTP ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ืคืงื˜ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœswitch ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ, ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืชื—ื–ืจ ืคืงื˜ื” ืฉืชืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืขื“ ื”switch ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ืคืงื˜ื” ืฉืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืขืœ ื”RTP ื•ืื– ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืกืœื•ืœ, ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื™ื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”RTP

20 Tagging the required information
The MPs should know : Measurement round. Identify the path traversed. ๐ฟ๐‘–๐‘›๐‘˜ โ‰ก๐น๐‘–๐‘Ÿ๐‘ ๐‘ก ๐‘ ๐‘ค๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘โ„Ž ๐ผ๐ท+๐ฟ๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘ก ๐‘ ๐‘ค๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘โ„Ž ๐ผ๐ท ๐‘…๐‘‡๐‘ƒโ‰ก๐‘…๐‘‡๐‘ƒ ๐ผ๐ท+๐น๐‘–๐‘Ÿ๐‘ ๐‘ก ๐‘ ๐‘ค๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘โ„Ž ๐ผ๐ท Identify if return from parent Return from shortest part RTP or Link ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช: ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”MPs ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืคื” ืงืฆืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื) ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”RTP ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”switch ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืœืชืช ID ืœRTP. ื‘) ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืื ื”ืคืงื˜ื” ืขื‘ืจื” ืœื™ื ืง ืื• RTP ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื RTP flag VLAN Header 1 VLAN Header 2 Payload Parent Flag RTP Flag ID1 ID2 Round Number

21 Tagging the required information
The switches should know: Packetโ€™s direction Whether the packet should be tagged Which RTP to traverse ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช: ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื” ื”switches ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช: ื) ืืช ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืง, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืœื™ื ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”switch ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงื˜ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ direction flag) ื‘) ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื•ื“ ืœืชื™ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืคืงื˜ื” ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื•ื™ื™ื’ืช (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ set ID Flag) ื’) ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”RTP ืฉื”ืคืงื˜ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื™ืชื•ื™ื™ื’ ื‘ID2 (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉืœ ID2). VLAN Header 2 VLAN Header 2 Ethertype Payload 21 Direction Flag Set ID Flag Parent Flag RTP Flag ID1 ID2 Round Number

22 Step 3 offline phase: Derive and install flow entries
Directly derived from online behaviors Traverse the overlay network (1-4), traverse RTP ๐‘ƒ (5-6) Travrse and network and measure the links ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ืœื ื ื›ื ืก ื”ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืžืง ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื ืžืฆืืช ืคื”. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ืชืจื’ื•ื ื›ืœ ืจืฉื•ืžื” ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘online phase, 4 ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื›ืกื”. ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช 5 ื•-6 ื“ื•ืื’ื•ืช ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืช. ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืชืืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื›ื ืกืช ืคืงื˜ื” ืขื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื” ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืœื™ื ืง. ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžืงืจื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœื—ื–ืจื” ื“ืจืš ื”parent portื—ื–ืจื” ืœMP, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ื“ืื’ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืชื™ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”switch ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืฉืœื— ื™ืฉืจ ื—ื–ืจื”. ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ืขื ื”ื”ืคืฆื”, ื—ื•ืง ืื—ื“ ืžื•ืชืงืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช ืฉื”ื ืœื sp ื•ืฉื ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืœื•ืš ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื– ื”ื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืงืŸ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื, ืขืœ ื”sp ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื•ืชืงืŸ ืจืง ื—ื•ืง ืื—ื“. Traverse RTPs

23 GRAMI โ€“ features summary
Controller is not involved in the measurements It gets a summary of the results Any number of MPs in any location Resource efficient (n links, r RTPs and k MPs): Small number of probe packets Send k, return ๐‘›+๐‘Ÿ Up to 4+2๐‘Ÿ flow entries ๐‘š 1 ๐‘š 2 ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช: ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื”. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ื”ืงื•ื ื˜ื•ืจื•ืœืจ ื”ืงื•ื ื˜ืจื•ืœืจ ืœื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืืœื ืจืง ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”offline , ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื”MPs ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ืฉื ื’ื ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” โ€“ ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื”MPs ื•ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”). ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉื ื™ โ€“ ื›ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœ MPS. ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื›ืกื” ืœื›ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœ MPs ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืจืฆื”. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืกืคื” ืฉืœ MP) ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ โ€“ ืคื—ื•ืช ืขื•ืžืก ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื•ืžืก ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืœื›ืŸ ื ืจืฆื” ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื ืžื•ืš ืฉืœ ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืช. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื”) ืœืžืขืฉื” ืชืฉืœื— ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”MPs (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ) ื‘ื”ื’ืขื” ืœswitch ื”ืคืงื˜ื” ืชืชืคืฆืœ ืœืชืฉืœื— ืœื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”switch ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืงื˜ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœMP ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฆืจ ืขื“ ืœืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื”. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ืชื™ื•ื’ ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”) ื›ืขืช ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืจืฉืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ื—ื–ืจื” ืœMPืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžืกืœื• ืคืงื˜ื•ืช, ื”ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ืงื•ืช ืžืชืืจื•ืช ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืฉืžืชื•ื™ื’ื•ืช ืขื ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืื™ื–ื” switch ื”ืŸ ื—ื–ืจื” ื•ื”ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืขื ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื–ืจื• ืžRTP. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”) ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉื”switch ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœMP. (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจื™ื) ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื k ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืžk ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ืคืงื˜ื” ืื—ืช ืœื›ืœ ืœื™ื ืง ื•ืœื›ืœ RTP (ื›ืœ ืœื™ื ืง ื•ื›ืœ RTP ืžื›ื•ืกื” ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง) ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื›ืคื•ืœ ื”ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื”ื ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืžื” ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉืชื™ ื—ื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ืžื“ื“ื• ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืื• ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืขืžื™ืก ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ื›ื™ ืชื—ืช ืชื ืื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ื• RTT ื“ื•ืžื”. ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืคืงื˜ื” (ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”packet ID). ืœื›ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• Virtual output queues ืื• active queue management ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”queue ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ingress ports ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœืžื“ื•ื“ RTT ืฉืœ ืœื™ื ืง ืื• ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฉื ื” ืžืื™ืคื” ื ื›ื ืก ื”ืคืงื˜ื” ื•ืœืืŸ ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื•ืฉืœ r RTPs ื‘ืจืฉืช ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื 4 ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ 2 ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”RTPs. ( (ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื”) ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืž4 ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชืงื ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ switch ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื›ืกื”. ืœื›ืœ RTP ื™ื”ื™ื• ืขื“ ืฉื ื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขืœ ื”switches ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœื•. Overlay network traversal flow entries RTP ๐‘ƒ 1 traversal flow entries RTP ๐‘ƒ ๐‘Ÿ traversal flow entries

24 Related work RTT measurements in Traditional networks Tracers [Francis el al. 2001], [Gummadi el al. 2002] Network components manipulations [Augustin el al. 2007], [Pelsser el al. 2013] Large scale [Guo el al. 2015] RTT measurements in OpenFlow networks Overloading the controller [Phemius el al. 2013], [Van Adrichem el al. 2014], [Yu el al. 2015], [Agarwal, el al. 2014] ๐‘  1 ๐‘  2 ๐‘  3 ๐‘  4 ๐‘  6 ๐‘  7 ๐‘  5 ืžื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืขืกืงื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช ืœ-2, ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฉืชื•ืช (inter-network) ื•ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจืฉืช ืขืฆืžื” (intra-network). ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืกืงืจืชื™ ื•ืกืงื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืขื‘ื“ื• ืชื—ืช ื”ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืชืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืจืฉืช. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืื• ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืงื•ื ืกื™ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ (ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื paris traceroute ืฉืขืฉื” ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ื“ืจืš load balancers) ,ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ืœืง ืื—ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ืื’ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ื“ืจืš ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืขืจืš ื‘ืขืจืš ืžื” ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉื”ืŸ ืขื‘ืจื• (ID Map ืฉื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืจื™ื ื•king ื ื™ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ ืฉืœ DNS ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”RTT ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ name servers). ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจืฉืช ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื ื™ืกื• ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ OpenFlow ื•SDN ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช. ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘controller ื•ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืœื”ื–ืจื™ืง ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืœืจืฉืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”RTT ืฉืœ ืกื’ืžื ื˜ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื. ืœื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื• ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ืขืžื™, ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืฆื’ืชื™ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื›ื™ ืขืžื•ืกื” ื‘ืจืฉืช (ื”ืœื ื”ื™ื ื”controller), ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืคื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ ื”controller ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื›ื›ื” ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืขืžื•ืกื” ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœื”ืขืžื™ืก ืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•, ื™ืฆืื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžืืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืจื•ืขืฉื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื”ื™ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืกื• ืœืžื“ื•ื“ one way delay ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื™ื˜ื”, ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœื”ื ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ื›ื™ ื”RTT ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื• ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืœืง ืื•ืชื• ืœ-2.

25 Related work - Shibuya at al. [ICN 2014]
GRAMI is more scalable (flow entries, probe packets) GRAMI can monitor all links and any RTP from any number of MPs GRAMI vs Shibuya for network with n links and r RTPs MPs Probe packets Flow entries Measuring GRAMI Any k Send k, return n+r 4+2r Links and RTPs Shibuya 1 Send n, return n O(n) Links only ืžื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืœื ื• ื ื™ืกื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ RTT ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช ืžื ืงื•ื“ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจืฉืช. ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•: ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”. ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืจืฉืช ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืขื“ 50 ืื—ื•ื– ืคื—ื•ืช). ืžืกืคืจ ื”flow entries ืฉืžื•ืชืงืŸ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”switches ืืฆืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื•ืœื™ื ืืจื™ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”RTPs ืฉื ืจืฆื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ืœื™ื ืืจื™ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืœืœื ืกืงืœืื‘ื™ืœื™. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ RTPs ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืชืขื“ืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” MPs ืœืชื—ื–ืง ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉื ืงื‘ืœ, ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืคืงื˜ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื”, ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช flow enries ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืขื ืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœื•ืช ื’ื ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื•ื’ื ื›ืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืขื’ืœื™ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ.

26 Evaluation Worked on Mininet, Cpqd switches with Ryu controller
Real networks topologies (Topology Zoo) 7 to 62 switches Objectives: Overhead Impact of MPโ€™s location Response to RTT changes ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืกืžืœืฆื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืขืœ mininet ืขื switches ืฉืœ cpqd ืขื controller ืฉืœ ryu. ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื BW ืฉืœ 100MBPs ื•10ms one way delay. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืคื•ืœื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืกืžืœืฆื ื• ื”ืŸ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ 7 switches ืœื‘ื™ืŸ 62 switches. ื”ื˜ื•ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, meshes , ืฆืคื•ืคื•ืช, ืขืฆื™ื ื•ื›ื•'. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•: ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื›ืžื” overhead ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื”. ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืžืง ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืง ื”ื ืžื“ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื™ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื›ืกื”. ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื›ืžื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื™ืฉ ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชืฅ ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืื™ืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ื‘ื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™, ืื ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืกื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืžืกื™ื ื•ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืœื”.

27 Results: overhead Path length increases โ†’ Overhead increases
Duplication and tagging in Mininet is relatively long Mininet(~12๐œ‡๐‘ , ~55๐œ‡๐‘ ) , NoviFlow (<4๐œ‡๐‘ , <1๐œ‡๐‘ ) Path of length 2 Path of length 4 ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืžGRAMI ืขืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ื•ื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืชื™ื•ื’ ื•ื”ืคืฆื”. ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ืงืฆืช overhead ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื’ื“ืœ ืขื ื”ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืงืœื™ื. ื”ืฉื›ืคื•ืœ ื•ื”ืชื™ื•ื’ ื‘mininet ืœื•ืงื— ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœswitch ืืžื™ืชื™. ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื ืื•ืชื• ื”latency ืžื” ืฉื’ืจื ืœื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœืขื•ืžืกื™ื ื‘queues ืžื” ืฉืœื ืืžื•ืจ ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ.

28 Results: MPโ€™s location
#MPs increases โ†’ Overhead and noise decrease Maintenance vs. accuracy and stability ื”ื’ืจืคื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื”, ื”RTT ืฉื ืžื“ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ืžืฉืžืข ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืžืก ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ืจืขืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืœืš ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื”. ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืœืชืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืกื“ืจื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ.

29 Results: Response to RTT changes
Network overload Link latency changes, failure and recovery ื”ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘latency ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืง ื”ื ืžื“ื“ ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจืก ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื’ืจืฃ ื”ื™ืžื ื™ ืžืจืื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ืžืกื™ื ืคืชืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืช, ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืชื“ืข ืœืชืช ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืœื›ืš.

30 Summary and conclusions.
GRAMI Granular Efficient and scalable Monitoring the entire network from few MPs Any RTP vSwitch will enable RTT measurements between switches and other network entities (servers) OpenFlow โ†’ Innovation ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื’ื ื• ืืช GRAMI, ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื’ืจืื ื•ืœืจื™ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช RTT ืฉืžื ื˜ืจืช ืืช ื”RTT ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืขื’ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช. ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ืจื ื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืžื“ื•ื“ RTT ื‘ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจืช scalability ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื›ืžื” MPs ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชื—ื–ืง ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ MPs ืื– ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ืžื™ืฉ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื›ืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืขื’ืœื™ ืฉื ืจืฆื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงืฆื” ืฉืœื•. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉื ื™ ืื ื ืชืงื™ืŸ vSwitches ืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืฆื” ืื• middleboxes ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจืฉืช, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”RTT ืฉืœ ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื•ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ switches ื‘ืจืฉืช ืืœื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉืชื™ ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ switch ืื• ืฉืžื•ืชืงืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ vSwitch ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ openflow ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื•ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืคื•ืชื— ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.

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