1. Transformations around the Globe 1800-1914
Chapter 12

2. EQ: How did western economic pressure force China to open to foreign trade and influence?

3. China and the West
1644 Manchu rulers set up the Qing dynasty that rules until 1911
Put strict limits on foreign interaction
China saw itself as the center of the world; self-sufficient
Problem: Western nations want more

4. Opportunity Late 1700s Qing decline Industrial Revolution in Europe
West demands trade rights
Britain couldn’t find a product China wants…
Sells Opium
Refuse to kowtow
symbol foreigners accept
inferior status
Opium War!!!!

5. Read Aloud-Groups
Read “The Opium War” and answer the corresponding questions

6. Western Imperialism Treaty of Nanjing:1st of the “unequal treaties”
Must pay for destroyed opium
Open trade w/ West
Give Hong Kong to British
By late 1800s spheres of influence develop (France, Germany, U.S., Russia, Japan and Britain)
Special economic privileges; right to build RRs and factories
Extraterritoriality: westerners accused of crimes get tried in western courts

7. Open Door Policy All nations = trade in China
Set up to prevent the creation of colonies by European nations
Leads to the spread of Western Ideas; including Christianity
Taiping Rebellion begins as an effort to dispense of the Qing dynasty
Christian religious sect leader that became militant
Lasts 14 years ( ); roughly 20 million dead
Leads to call for reforms in gov’t and society

8. Struggle Reform vs. Old Ways
Dowager Empress CiXi ruled from (except when Emperor Guangxu was in power- didn’t last wanted too many reforms for Qing officials)
Very traditional, supported limited reforms
Boxer Rebellion (Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists)
Foreigners and Chinese Christians killed
Combined Western army crushes rebels
Revolution of 1911: Qing dynasty falls, declare a republic-fall into civil war

9. Academic Writing
Why do you think European powers established spheres of influence in China rather than colonies, as they did in Africa and other parts of Asia?

10. EQ: What were the similarities between European imperialism and Japanese expansion?

11. Japan and the West 1853 America demanded Japan open ports for trade
Japanese tech no match
1854 Treaty of Kanagawa
U.S. right to stop at 2 ports
Can send U.S. diplomatic rep.
right to extraterritoriality

12. Japanese Response Many angry at leaders for allowing this to happen
Call to “enrich the country, strengthen the military”
Japan decides to learn from the enemy; send high ranking Samurai to the U.S.

13. Read
Read about the visit to the “Western Barbarians” answer the questions

14. 1868 – Meiji restoration
Modernize and strengthen military and government by visiting western nations like America and Europe
Meiji goal was to make Japan equal to western powers
Don’t wish for democracy but to unite Japan and bring modernization- based on German model of strong centralized gov’t
Benefits of Meiji
Everyone is equal/Women began working
Education for everyone (idea from U.S)
Advancements in technology and weapons (B. & G.)
Industrialized

15. Japan and Nationalism
Wished to create an empire to compete with the west
1876 forced Korea to trade at 3 ports
Sino-Japanese War: fights China for influence over Korea, wins- gets Taiwan, part of Manchuria and Pescadores Islands
Russo-Japanese War
1st Asian victory over European power, gives control of Manchuria and Korea

16. Group Think
Why do you think Russia’s defeat by Japan was seen as surprising to Western nations?

17. Control of Korea
By 1910 complete control of Korea; annexed: adds territory
Imposed harsh rule
Forced the building of RRs and factories
Improved farming methods but took ½ the crops
Forced Koreans to fight for them
Tried to suppress Korean Identity

18. Chart the EQ
What were the similarities between European imperialism and Japanese expansion?

19. EQ: How did U.S. economic imperialism put economic and political pressure on Latin America?

20. Latin America- after independence
Ruled mostly by caudillos (military dictators)
Peonage: Owners kept Indian and mestizo workers (peons) in debt on haciendas by giving advances on wages and then they had to stay until they worked off the debt
Main trade partners: Britain and U.S.
Largely exported cash crops/raw materials, imported finished goods
Had to borrow large sums of $ to provide services and build infrastructure
Juan Vincent Gomez
Caudillo- Venezuela

21. The Cuban Rebellions 1868 rebellion; ten years of fighting
1895: 2nd war for independence (led by Jose Marti)-Spanish use policy of reconcentration: kills 200,000
Cubans want U.S. to enter the fight, to ensure-Cubans destroy American sugar, -businesses pressure U.S. gov’t to act
1898 Cuba becomes a protectorate of the U.S.- “independence” 1901

22. “Colossus of the North”
Monroe Doctrine1823: the U.S. would oppose efforts by any outside power to control a nation in the Western Hemisphere
Roosevelt Corollary 1904: added to the Monroe Doctrine-stated that the U.S. wants to see it’s neighbors do well but if they engage in activities harmful to U.S. interests the U.S. will intervene to keep other nations in the world out
Under Teddy intervention become common

23. Intervention: Panama Canal
Buys rights from French (they were there 1st) for $40 million
1903- aid to Panamanian rebels fighting against Columbia for independence
U.S. becomes protector; gets right to control and build the canal, we pay Panama $10 million and yrly pymts

24. Answer EQ
How did U.S. economic imperialism put economic and political pressure on Latin America?

25. EQ: How did political, economic and social pressure trigger revolution and reform in Mexico?

26. Group Work
Complete the activity given with your group

27. Create a Concept Web Answer the EQ:
How did political, economic and social pressure trigger revolution and reform in Mexico?