1. Principles of Flight
6-10 FEB 2017

2. Flight Test 5.0 Do Now Wednesday, 8 FEB 17
Take out notebook, and open to Friday’s Volume Calculations (pink Notes Page)
DATA - Make sure each person in your group has the measurements for:
Three shapes: One round balloon (sphere) one paper bag (cube) & one cardboard tube (cylinder)
Your original Solar Balloon
Calculate the volume of each
Flight Test 5.0
Day Three (plus 2)

3. Mini-Lesson I.1: Volume Practice Calculations
Object
Shape
Formula
Measurements
Calculated Volume
Paper Bag
Rectangular Cube
l x w x h
l = 31.5 cm
w = 15.3 cm
h = 11.0 cm
31.5 x 15.3 x 11.0 = cm3
Cardboard Tube
Cylinder
πr2h
r = 1.9 cm
h = 23.8 cm
x (1.9)2 x 23.8 = v
x 3.6 x 23.8 = v
x 3.6 x 23.8 = cm3
Small Balloon
Sphere
4/3πr3
r = 8.9 cm
1.33 x x (8.9)3 = v
1.33 x x = v
1.33 x x = cm3

4. Mini-Lesson I.1: Volume Calculation, Part Deux
Object
Shape
Formula
Measurements
Calculated Volume
Solar Balloon
Cylinder
πr2h
x (24.4)2 x = v
x x = v
x x 310.0
= 579,857.7 cm3
r = cm
h = 310 cm
r = cm … Approximate. Circumference (153.0 cm) ÷ π (3.1416) = diameter (48.7 cm)
Diameter (48.7 cm) ÷ 2 = 24.4 cm
h = 310 cm … Approximate. Length of one black plastic bag = 84.0 cm
Subtract 2 cm off each end (overlap of seam) = 80.0 cm
80.0 cm x 4 = cm
Subtract 10 cm for closure cm – 10 cm = cm

5. Mini-Lesson I.1: Volume Practice Calculations
Object
Shape
Formula
Measurements
Calculated Volume
Paper Bag
Rectangular Cube
l x w x h
l = 31.5 cm
w = 15.3 cm
h = 11.0 cm
31.5 x 15.3 x 11.0 = cm3
Cardboard Tube
Cylinder
πr2h
r = 1.9 cm
h = 23.8 cm
x (1.9)2 x 23.8 = v
x 3.6 x 23.8 = v
x 3.6 x 23.8 = cm3
Small Balloon
Sphere
4/3πr3
r = 8.9 cm
1.33 x x (8.9)3 = v
1.33 x x = v
1.33 x x = cm3
Solar Balloon
r = cm
h = 310 cm
x (24.4)2 x = v
x x = v
x x 310.0
= 579,857.7 cm3

6. Clean-up Balloons and notebooks put away
Floor and desktops free of debris
Chairs pushed-in

7. Flight Test 6.0 Do Now Thursday, 9 FEB 17 Take out notebook
Pick up new blue Engineering Worksheet
Update engineering worksheet:
Current Unit – LTA
Principle at Work - IF Helium (He) volume is increased, THEN its DENSITY decreases, therefore increasing LIFT
Do you have Group Roles/Tasks designated?
Flight Test 6.0
Day One

8. Mini-Lesson J: Helium vs. Hydrogen
Certain gases – Hydrogen (H) and Helium (He) are naturally less dense than the surrounding Nitrogen (N) atmosphere
Hydrogen is VERY chemically reactive (combustible). Helium is completely chemically non-reactive (does NOT burn or explode)
Airship designers often conservatively estimate helium’s lift at 27.2 kgs per 28.3 m3 and hydrogen’s lift at 38.4 kgs per 28.3 m3.

9. Flight Test 6.1 Do Now Thursday, 9 FEB 17 Materials – pick up
Mylar balloon (one per person)
Tether (string) (one per person)
Marking pen (one per group)
Ruler or measuring tape
Safety – pick up safety eye wear
Use the digital scale to determine the MASS of the empty balloon and string.
Use the ruler/measuring tape to find the diameter of the empty balloon.
Flight Test 6.1
Day One

10. Clean-up Notebooks put away
Empty class storage drawer of all WS aircraft
SMALL piece of making tape to label solar balloon
Floor and desktops free of debris
Chairs pushed-in

11. Flight Test 6.2 Do Now Friday, 10 FEB 17 Take out notebook
Open to FT 6.0
MATERIALS – Gather balloons
SAFETY – Pick up safety eyewear
Flight Test 6.2
Day Two

12. Flight Test 6.2 Inside Testing 10 FEB 17 Before beginning:
Has your group chosen a possible Criteria for Success?
How to measure lifting capacity of balloons?
When testing:
How much mass is the individual balloon lifting?
How much is the mass of one small paper clip? How about one large paperclip?
How many paperclips are necessary to maintain neutral buoyancy?
Follow SAFETY instructions
Flight Test 6.2
Day Two

13. Clean-up LTA UNIT Test next Friday (2/17)
MATERIALS – collect and gather group balloons
Notebooks put away
Floor and desktops free of debris
Chairs pushed-in

14. Mini-Lesson K: Three Gas Laws
Boyle's Law: The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume.
When the VOLUME gets smaller, the PRESSURE gets higher
Charles' Law: the volume of a gas is proportional to its temperature.
When the VOLUME gets higher, the TEMPERATURE gets higher
Gay-Lussac's Law: The temperature of a gas is directly proportional to its pressure.
When the TEMPERATURE gets higher, the PRESSURE gets higher