1. Review Sheets #1, #2, & #3 are now posted!
Use these questions to guide your studying.
Do not forget the supplemental reading.

2. Primary Source Summary Project
Instructions Now Posted on course website
Form Groups of FOUR (4) – no exceptions
Must be in groups by 2 Oct 17
Paper due on Monday, 9 Oct 5:00 pm

3. MUH 3633 - Music in the United States
5/27/2018
Chapter Four
“Make A Noise” : African American Music before the Civil War
DAY 9 (20 Sep 17)

4. Africans in the U.S.
1619
1788
1793
1808
1820
1854
1857
1863
1865
Jamestown Colony – 1st slaves in N.A. U.S. Constitution (Article 1: Sec 2, Sec 9) Invention of the cotton gin End of legal importation of slaves Missouri Compromise Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott Decision Civil War Emancipation Proclamation 13th Amendment to the Constitution

5. The World

6. Africa (physical features)

7. Africa (population density)

8. Africa (climate)

9. Africa (political)

10. General African Music Traits
Non-notated (=Oral) tradition
Emphasis on Rhythm (often: Polyrhythm)
Use of Percussion
Density of Timbre (“buzzy sound”)
Use of Ostinato
Use of interlocking parts
Call and Response
Controlled Improvisation
Associated w/ Dance and/or Ceremony

11. Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia)

12. Mbira Plucked Idiophone Lamellaphone (Lamella = “Tongue”)
Mbira – common name in Zimbabwe and most of Sub-Saharan Africa
Called Kalimba in Kenya, Ikembe in Rwanda, Likembe in Congo
Called “thumb piano,” “gourd piano,” “finger harp,” etc. in West

13. Mbira

14. Mbira on YouTube
Mbira - Spirit of the People (Thomas Mapfumo, Oliver Mtukudzi)
YouTube - Lessons from the Mbira at Duke University
Mbira of Zimbabwe – YouTube
Mbira Maestros – YouTube
Bira ( 6 Hours) Mbira, Ngoma Hosho - YouTube

15. Mali

16. Kora

17. Playing the Kora

18. Mali Griot Examples
The Empire of Mali Series: The Griot, Lesson 2 – YouTube
SUNDIATA - THE HERITAGE OF THE GRIOT 6:03mns – YouTube
10 years Muziekpublique | Mamadou Dramé (kora): 'Marriyamba' – YouTube
Malian Kora Musician Mamadou Diabate's Ensemble-I - YouTube

19. Ewe Tribal areas

20. Drums from Eastern Ghana

21. Gangkogui (timeline)

22. Axatse (timeline)

23. Atsimevu (leader)

24. Sogo, Kidi, Kaganu (left to right)

25. Anlo-Ewe Drum Ensemble
Gangokui (clapperless double bell) -TIMELINE
Axatse (rattle – external beads on fishnet) - TIME
Atsimevu (largest drum, often on stand) - LEAD
Kaganu (medium small, semi-independent)
Sogo (small, 2-1/2 ft closed, hand, follower)
Kidi (small, 2 ft closed, sticks, follower)
See dancedrummer.com for examples

26. Yoruba Tribal region

27. Yoruba “Talking Drum”

28. African Drumming on YouTube
MUH Music in the United States
5/27/2018
African Drumming on YouTube
YouTube - Akrowa Dance Ensemble, Drumming in Kokrobite Ghana
YouTube - Yoruba Bata Ensemble Drums for Orisa, volume 1
YouTube - traditional Ewe drumming and singing
YouTube - Ayan Bisi Adeleke - Master talking drummer - drum talks
TALKING DRUM ENSEMBLE
Djembe Solo
DAY 9 (20 Sep 17)

29. AF-Am Music-Making Oral Tradition from 18th C (no written records)
Distinguish between: - Slaves performing for whites (encouraged) - Blacks performing for blacks (discouraged)
Traditional (Southern) Af-Am Music-Making
Pattin’ Juba: Danny "Slapjazz" Barber
Field Holler: Field Holler 1: "The Boss“
Work Song: Lightning- Long John (by a chain gang)