1. Categories of Biological Classification
Section 14.1

2. Taxonomy The science of naming and classifying organisms
Until the mid-1700s, biologists named an organism by adding descriptive phrases to its common name.
Common names are confusing – because of different languages & different place names

3. Binomial Nomenclature:
In the 1700s, a Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus developed a scientific system of naming to solve problems with common names.
Binomial nomenclature – two-name naming system
Now used by scientists everywhere.

4. Scientific Names:
The unique two-part name for a species (binomial nomenclature).
The first word is the genus - a taxonomic category containing similar species.
The second word is the species – a group of similar organisms that can produce fertile offspring.
Both names are in Latin – the universal language of science.
This genus name is always capitalized; the species name is always lower case.
Both names are either written in italics or underlined.

5. Grouping Organisms:
Linnaeus had a system of classification for plants and animals only - no bacteria, fungi, or protists.
His system was based only on the organism’s looks.
Modern taxonomy has expanded this system: we have more kingdoms & use relationships to classify groups.

6. Modern groupings, from most inclusive to least inclusive:
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

7. Biological Hierarchy of Classification

8. Classification Hierarchy of Organisms

9. Classification of a Bee