1. October 1, 2012 Reflection and Inference Time while listening
Renaissance Period Predictions
Begin Renaissance Period

2. Renaissance Period 1400-1600 Cyclic Mass & Isorhythmic motet
Guillame Dufay (c )
Conscious expression in music
Josquin des Prez (c )

3. Renaissance Background
Rebirth
Italy became the center for the arts after fall of Burgundy
Period of religious turmoil
Henry VIII was king
Age of exploration

4. Characteristics of Renaissance Music
Composers wrote music to enhance the meaning and emotion of the text
Word painting – musical representation of specific poetic images
Mainly polyphonic
A cappella – no accompaniment
City of Burgundy
Had the best music
Basse dance – dance where the feet were kept low to ground & made women look like they floated

5. Sacred Composers Hired by the church
Not a lot of freedom-demanded specific styles of music
Wrote motets and masses both are polyphonic now Masses have fixed words (Kyrie elison, gloria, pie jesu) Motets are free words in Latin (usually a biblical passage)

6. Guillaume Dufay 1398-1474 Not born into high class
Wrote the motet based on a pre-existing plainchant
First composer to use a secular song as the melody in the catus firmus of a mass

7. Dufay Career in the church 70 Secular pieces survived
Used imitation – hand the melody from one section to another
Isorhythmic structure – single rhythmic pattern that’s repeated
Cyclic Mass – mass using the same motive through every movement

8. Renaissance Sacred Music
Two main forms
Motet – polyphonic choral work set to a sacred Latin text other than the ordinary of the mass
Mass – polyphonic choral composition made up of five sections
All voices became equal and singable

9. Josquin des Prez
Considered to be a genius and greatest of his generation
20 masses survived
Studied under Ockeghem
Developed the deploration

10. Josquin des Prez
Intentionally expressed emotion through music by creating different moods with music
Worked for secular rulers as well
Wrote “El Grillo” (the cricket) which was the nickname of one of his singers

11. Ave Maria by Josquin des Prez
Ave Maria Gratia Plena Dominus tecum, Virgo serena.
Hail Mary, full of grace the Lord is with thee, serene Virgin
Notice:
Each soprano phrase imitated in turn by alto, tenor, and bass. Duple Meter.

12. High duet imitated by three lower voices.
Ave, cuius comceptio
Solemni plena gaudio,
coelestia terrestria
nova replet laetitia.
Hail, whose conception Full of great jubilation, fills Heaven and Earth with new Joy.
Notice:
High duet imitated by three lower voices.
All four voices. Increased rhythmic animation reflects “new joy.”

13. Ave, cuius nativitas nostra fuit solemnitas, ut lucifer lux oriens verum solem praeveniens
Hail, whose birth brought us joy, as Lucifer, the morning star went before the truth
Notice:
High duet imitated by low duet. Soprano phrase imitated by alto, tenor and bass.

14. High duet imitated by low duet. High duet. Low duet.
Ave, pia humilitas,
sine viro fecunditas,
cuius annuntiatio
nostra fuit salvatio
Hail, pious humility, fruitful without a man, whose Annunciation brought us salvation.
Notice:
High duet imitated by low duet. High duet. Low duet.

15. Ave, vera virginitas, immaculate castitas, cuius purificatio nostra fuit purgatio.
Hail, true virginity, immaculate chastity, whose purification brought our cleansing
Notice:
Triple Meter

16. Duple meter, high duets imitated by lower voices.
Ave praeclara omnibus angelic is virtuibus cuius assumptio nostra glorificatio. O mater Dei, memento mei. Amen.
Hail, glorious one in all angelic virtues, whose Assumption was our glorification. O Mother of God, remember me. Amen
Notice:
Duple meter, high duets imitated by lower voices.
Brief pause. Sustained chords

17. Reformation Protestant reforming against the Roman Catholic Church
Headed by Martin Luther
Selling of Indulgences
Wanted more with music than R.C. church wanted

18. Reformation Cont. Martin Luther A Mighty Fortress is Our God
A Mighty Fortress is Our God

19. Counter Reformation Council of Trent
Group of Cardinals
Refined the instruments being used in the church
Removed many of the motets and sequences
Wanted music to respect the integrity of the sacred text
Hired a specific composer to rewrite the music

20. Giovanni da Palestrina
104 masses
450 other sacred works

21. Pope Marcellus Mass
Thought to have convinced the Council that polyphonic masses should be kept in worship
Reflects the council’s desire for a clear projection of the sacred text
Written for a cappella choir of six voices parts
Soprano
Alto
Two tenors
Two basses

22. Listening Example Pope Marcellus Mass
Written in 3 sections
Kyrie eleison – Lord have mercy upon us
Christe eleison – Christ have mercy upon us
Text is short & words are repeated
Expresses calm supplication (to ask humbly)
Rhythm flows continuously
Begins in a thin texture with only some of the voices sounding
As others voices enter, the music become increasingly full and rich

23. Time to correct tests – 15 minutes Secular Music of the Renaissance
October 4, 2012
Time to correct tests – 15 minutes
Secular Music of the Renaissance

24. Extra Credit
Give me the two different styles of sacred music in the Renaissance and how can you tell the difference between the two. (4 points)

25. Timeline Entries 1st printed polyphony/moveable type
Petrucci Odhecaton (1501)
A cappella master/Renaissance polyphony
Giovanni Palestrina ( )

26. Secular Music Technology
Petrucci developed the printing press
1501 published 1st polyphonic piece of music printed with moveable type
Harmonice Musices Odhecaton A
Every educated person was expected to play an instrument and read notation
Written for groups of solo voices and for solo voice with accompaniment
Imitated natural sounds

27. Secular Composers Much more freedom
Composed in common languages (English, Italian, French, German)
Madrigals were the most popular songs about nature, love TEXT PAINTING-letting the music sound like what the word means (birds, ascending)
Ballett-songs with fa la in them

28. Madrigal
A piece for several solo voices set to a short poem, usually about love
Combines homophonic and polyphonic textures
Uses text painting (word painting)
Originated in Italy around 1520
1588 translated into English and English composers began writing

29. Thomas Weelkes 1575-1623 English madrigalist
Organist & church composer
Wrote “As Vesta Was Descending” in 1601 for Queen Elizabeth

30. As Vesta Was Descending
Descending scales Ascending scales Rapid descending figures
As Vesta was from Latmos hill descending She spied a maiden queen the same ascending, attended on by all the shepherds swain, to whom Diana’s darlings came running down amain

31. Two voices, Three voices; all voices. Solo voice.
First two by two, Then three by three together Leaving their goddess all alone, hasted thither, and mingling with the shepherds of her train with mirthful tunes her presence entertain.

32. Brief joyful phrase imitated among voices; long notes in bass
Long live fair Oriana!

33. Ballett (Fa-La) Simpler form than the madrigal
Dance like song for several solo voices
Mostly homophonic in texture
Melody in the highest voice
Same music is repeated for each stanza of the poem
Syllables fa-la are used as refrain
Originated in Italy then went to England

34. Thomas Morley
English composer
Best known for his madrigals

35. Now is the Month of Maying
Now is the month of Maying, when merry lads are playing! Fa la la la la! Each with his bonny lass, a-dancing on the grass, fa la la la la!
The Spring, clad all in gladness, doth laugh at Winter's sadness! Fa la la la la! And to the bagpipes’ sound, the nymphs tread out the ground! Fa la la la la!
Fie! Then why sit we musing, youth’s sweet delight refusing? Fa la la la la! Say, dainty nymphs and speak! Shall we play barley break? Fa la la la la!

36. Instrumental Music Largely adapted from vocal music
Used the harpsichord, organ, or lute
16th century people started writing instrumental pieces
Developed instrumental forms
Theme and variation
Intended for dancing
Passamezzo – duple meter
Galliard – triple meter

37. Renaissance Instruments
Shawm
Kortholt
Dulcian
Rauschpfeife
Hirtenschalmei
Straight Cornet
Sackbut
Recorder
Flute

38. Passamezzo by Pierre Francisque Caroubel
Illustrate the Renaissance practice pairing contrasting court dances in duple and trip meter
Written by Michael Praetorius – German composer and theorist
Passamezzo is a stately dance in duple meter
Written for six unspecified instrumental parts
Consists of 3 brief sections (a, b, c) each ending with a cadence and brief pause

39. Galliard by Pierre Francisque Caroubel
Helps to illustrate the duple and triple meters
Has essentially the same melody as the passamezzo but is in triple meter
Written for 5 unspecified instrumental parts
It also is in three parts (a, b, c), each ending with a cadence and a brief pause

40. Venetian School
16th century – Venice became a center of instrumental and vocal music
The focal point for music was St. Mark’s Cathedral
Employed up to 20 instrumentalists and 20 singers for ceremonies
Music director and organist were Adrian Willaert , Andrea Gabrieli & Giovanni Gabrieli
Called the Venetian school

41. St. Mark’s Cathedral 2 seperated choir lofts
Each had an organ
Music was written for multiple choirs and groups of instruments
Unlike most Renaissance music, Venetian vocal music was written with exclusive instrumental parts
This started to bring the music close the Baroque style
Had a tendency toward homophonic texture rather than polyphonic

42. Giovanni Gabrieli
Wrote organ and instrumental ensemble works
Most important – polychoral motets (motets for two or more choirs)
Sonata pian e forte is most famous earliest instrument ensemble pieces

43. Gabrieli Used dynamics Used specified instruments
Music called for an enormous number of performers
Brilliantly exploit contrasts of register, sonority and tone color

44. Plaudite by Giovanni Gabrieli
Polychoral motet
Intended for a joyful ceremony at St. mark’s Cathedral
Latin text
12 voice parts divided into 3 choirs

45. Plaudite Listening Guide
Plaudite, Psallite, Jubilate Deo omnis terra: Alleluia, benedicant Dominum omnes gentes, collaudantes eum:
Clap your hands, sing praises, sing joyfully to God, all the earth. Alleluia, Let all the nations bless the Lord, together praising Him.

46. Alleluia, quia fecit nobiscum Dominus misericordiam suam: et captivam duxit captivitatem, admirabilis et gloriosus In saecula: Alleluia
Alleluia, For the Lord hat acted in His mercy with us. Alleluia. And led captivity captive. Admirable and glorious He is forever Alleluia

47. October 9, 2012 Listening example of Gabrieli Extra Credit Question
Artists of the Renaissance Period
Exploratory

48. Extra Credit Question
How can you tell the difference between a madrigal and a ballet?

49. LEONARDO DA VINCI
Renaissance Man (scientific discovery, inventor, artist, mathematician)
Heavily influenced by nature to lead him in his artistic endeavors
Most famous works: Mona Lisa and the Last Supper

51. Donatello Sculptor – free standing statues
Used marble and bronze, looked to new ideas, Biblical characters for works
Most famous works David (made of Bronze) and St. George

53. Rafael Painter and Architect
Respect for antiquity (Greek/classics) Innovations in architecture No extremes (played it safe)
Works: School of Athens, Sistine Madonna

55. Michelangelo Painter/Sculptor/Poet/Engineer
Enjoyed dappling in the extremes
Against Da Vinci. Art was not to reflect nature but to do what nature could NOT do.
Works: Sistine Chapel, David, Pieta

57. Renaissance 1400-1600 REBIRTH ---in science ---in exploration
---in arts and music
---in inventions
Reverting back to time of classics, inspired by the Greeks

58. Write a story…
From the perspective of a sacred composer about a new piece you are writing and what a normal day would be like
From the perspective of a secular composer about a new piece you are writing and what a normal day would be like

59. October 11, 2012 Hand in Stories Chorale vs. Motet Style
In class exploratory
Listening Guide

60. Extra Credit
Who painted the following picture?

61. Chorale style vs. Motet style
Chorale style was homophonic. It means all the voices (usually 4 ) sing words at the same time. They sing different notes, though!
Motet style was polyphonic. It means all the voices (usually 4 ) sing words at DIFFERENT times.
4 voices: BASS-low male TENOR-high male ALTO-low female SOPRANO-high female

62. Exploratory There are five sections around the room
Use the worksheet provided and the items in each section of the room to complete the worksheet
Once you have finished that, you may begin working on your project

63. Work on your Renaissance Project
October 15, 2012
Work on your Renaissance Project

64. Review for your test on Friday Jeopardy
October 17, 2012
Review for your test on Friday
Jeopardy

65. Few minutes to look over your notes Quiz After Quiz…Ssh!!!!
October 19, 2012
Few minutes to look over your notes
Quiz
After Quiz…Ssh!!!!