1. Colonization

2. Spain (1540-1600) Wants to colonize Southeast:
God: convert “Indians” to Christianity
Gold: find riches and return to Europe
Glory: keep rival European powers from claiming the land.
(not necessarily in that order)
St. Augustine: first settlement (military purpose) protect the gold!

3. Spanish Missions
Spain: Did not want to have civilians colonize the land: sent missionaries and soldiers (key to Spanish colonization)
Missions: church outposts/barrier islands
Franciscans (Friars): missionaries
Georgia’s coast divided into two provinces:
Guale (Wal-ee) north barrier islands
Mocama: southern islands (down to St. Marys)

4. Guale and Mocama
Guale: (1566) Pedro Menendez builds mission on St. Catherines Island: not entirely successful
Mocama (1580’s): spread work along GA coast
Juanillo Rebellion (1597): revolt at Guale
Friars deny Juanillo position of Chief
Revolt hurts Spanish colonization efforts

5. French (1560’s) Had explored Canada and Northern territory
Goal: Trade… Trade… Trade
1560’s: Huguenots (French Protestants) settle along the St. Johns
create Charles Fort: first European fort in the New World (fails due to famine & hardships)

6. France: Fort Caroline French then build Fort Caroline
Spain is outraged- attack the fort and drive the French from the Southeast.

7. England (1600’s) Wants to claim territory in the New World
Wants to settle permanent colonies
King James I issues a charter: legal document creates Virginia Company
1607: Jamestown: first permanent English settlement in America
1600’s-1700’s: England colonizes the East Coast

8. Reasons for Colonization in the New World: England
Power
Economic gain
(MERCANTILISM)
Free from religious persecution
Place for poor

9. Power
England’s desire to compete with other countries (France and Spain) for power and glory
Power for the Church, (more souls)

10. Economic Gain MERCANTILISM
England needed a place to grow RAW MATERIALS
Favorable balance of trade
Export/sell more than import/buy
Bring gold and silver into the country = strong military
Laws regulated trade

11. Free from religious persecution
Refuge for reformers
Where they could practice their religion without harassment

12. Poor
Some upper class citizens thought the colonies could provide a home for the poor and give them a better life.