1. Acids
Lesson 1
Acid and Base
Properties

2. Properties of Acids
Neutralize bases
Are electrolytes that conduct electricity
Change litmus paper red
Taste sour
React with metals such as Mg and Zn to make H2

3. Properties of Bases
Are electrolytes that conduct electricity
Neutralize acids
Change litmus paper blue
Feel slippery
Taste bitter

4. Arrhenius acid
Chemistry 11
produces H+ in solution
HCl 
H Cl-
Arrhenius base
Chemistry 11
produces OH- in solution
NaOH  Na OH-

5. Bronsted Acid
Chemistry 12
A proton donor H+
HCl H2O 
H3O Cl-
strong
Bronsted Base
Chemistry 12
A proton acceptor
NH H2O ⇄
NH OH- H+
weak

6. Write a Bronsted reaction for the base HCO3-
weak H+ H+
HCO3-
H2O ⇄
H2CO OH-
base
acid
acid
base
HCO3- and H2CO3
H2O and OH-
Conjugate acid base pairs differ by one proton H+

7. Note
1. Arrhenius bases dissociate in water to produce OH-
2. Bronsted bases accept a proton from water to produce OH-
3. Arrhenius acids dissociate in water to form H+
4. Bronsted acids donate a proton to water to form H3O+
5. H+ is the same as H3O+

8. H+ is another way to show H3O+.
H H2O ⇋
H3O+
Hydronium ion + H+
H2O

9. Conjugate Acid
Conjugate Base
One more H+
1 less H+
C6H5OH
C6H5O-
H2CO3
HCO3-
H2O
OH-
HPO42-
PO43-
H2PO4-
HPO42-
C6H5COOH
C6H5COO-
NH4+
NH3
Fe(H2O)63+
Fe(H2O)5(OH)2+
Look on page 6

10. Strong Acids
Weak Acids

11. Strong Acids
Left side Acid Chart top six
Completely ionize in water
Are good conductors.
Produce large amounts of H3O+.
Have very large Ka’s.
Use a “” and not “⇄”
HCl + H2O  H3O Cl-

12. Weak Acids
Left side of the Acid Chart below the top six.
Do not completely ionize in water.
Are poor conductors.
Produce small amounts of H3O+.
Have small Ka’s.
Use a “⇄” and not “”
HF + H2O ⇄ H3O F-
Ka = [H3O+][F-] = 3.5 x from page 6
[HF]
Water is not included because it is a pure liquid!
Its concentration is constant!

13. You can also write:
HF ⇌ H F-
Ka = [H+][F-]
= 3.5 x 10-4
[HF]

14. Writing Ionic Equations: Formula, Complete, and Net.
HCl NaOH  NaCl + H2O(l)
H Cl Na OH-  Na Cl H2O(l)
H OH-  H2O(l)
Do not break up weak acids or bases!
HF is a weak acid
HF KOH  KF + H2O(l)
HF K OH-  K F H2O(l)
HF OH-  F H2O(l)