1. (Brief) Introduction to mod_perl
Geoffrey Young

3. Overview Apache 101 mod_perl 101 specific mod_perl examples

4. Apache's Pre-fork Model

5. Apache's Pre-fork Model
Apache uses a pre-fork architecture

6. Apache's Pre-fork Model
Apache uses a pre-fork architecture
httpd (parent)

7. Apache's Pre-fork Model
Apache uses a pre-fork architecture
httpd (parent)
httpd (child)
httpd (child)
httpd (child)
httpd (child)

8. Nice, Responsible Children

9. Nice, Responsible Children
httpd child processes are responsible for serving the incoming requests, not the parent

10. Nice, Responsible Children
httpd child processes are responsible for serving the incoming requests, not the parent
each child processes one incoming request at a time

11. Nice, Responsible Children
httpd child processes are responsible for serving the incoming requests, not the parent
each child processes one incoming request at a time
when the request is over the child is free to serve the next request

12. Request Phases

13. Request Phases
Apache breaks down request processing into separate, logical parts called phases

14. Request Phases
Apache breaks down request processing into separate, logical parts called phases
each request is stepped through the phases until...

15. Request Phases
Apache breaks down request processing into separate, logical parts called phases
each request is stepped through the phases until...
all processing is complete
somebody throws an "error"

16. Request Phases
Apache breaks down request processing into separate, logical parts called phases
each request is stepped through the phases until...
all processing is complete
somebody throws an "error"
developers are given the chance to hook into each phase to add custom processing

17. Apache Request Cycle
client request

18. Apache Request Cycle client request GET /perl-status HTTP/1.1
Accept: text/html, image/png, image/jpeg, image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, */*
Accept-Encoding: deflate, gzip, x-gzip, identity, *;q=0
Accept-Language: en
Cache-Control: no-cache
Connection: Keep-Alive, TE
Host:
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows 2000) Opera [en]

19. Apache Request Cycle client request GET /perl-status HTTP/1.1
Accept: text/html, image/png, image/jpeg, image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, */*
Accept-Encoding: deflate, gzip, x-gzip, identity, *;q=0
Accept-Language: en
Cache-Control: no-cache
Connection: Keep-Alive, TE
Host:
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows 2000) Opera [en]

20. Apache Request Cycle client request GET /perl-status HTTP/1.1
Accept: text/html, image/png, image/jpeg, image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, */*
Accept-Encoding: deflate, gzip, x-gzip, identity, *;q=0
Accept-Language: en
Cache-Control: no-cache
Connection: Keep-Alive, TE
Host:
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows 2000) Opera [en]

21. Apache Request Cycle
client request

22. Apache Request Cycle client request URI-based init

23. Apache Request Cycle client request URI-based init URI translation

24. Apache Request Cycle client request URI-based init URI translation
file-based init

25. Apache Request Cycle client request URI-based init URI translation
file-based init
resource control

26. Apache Request Cycle client request URI-based init URI translation
file-based init
MIME setting
resource control

27. Apache Request Cycle client request URI-based init URI translation
fixups
file-based init
MIME setting
resource control

28. Apache Request Cycle client request URI-based init content
URI translation
fixups
file-based init
MIME setting
resource control

29. Apache Request Cycle content HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=100
Connection: Keep-Alive
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Content-Type: text/html

30. Apache Request Cycle content HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=100
Connection: Keep-Alive
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Content-Type: text/html

31. Apache Request Cycle content HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=100
Connection: Keep-Alive
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Content-Type: text/html

32. Apache Request Cycle client request URI-based init content
URI translation
fixups
file-based init
MIME setting
resource control

33. Apache Request Cycle client request logging URI-based init content
URI translation
fixups
file-based init
MIME setting
resource control

34. Apache Request Cycle client request logging URI-based init content
URI translation
fixups
file-based init
MIME setting
resource control

35. So What?

36. So What?
most Apache users don't worry about the request cycle too much...

37. So What?
most Apache users don't worry about the request cycle too much...
...but they do use modules that plug into it

38. ...for instance
Resource control

39. ...for instance Resource control mod_auth:
AuthUserFile access/.htpasswd

40. ...for instance Resource control URI Translation mod_auth:
AuthUserFile access/.htpasswd
URI Translation

41. ...for instance Resource control URI Translation mod_auth:
AuthUserFile access/.htpasswd
URI Translation
mod_rewrite:
RewriteRule /favicon.ico$ /images/favicon.ico

42. ...for instance Resource control URI Translation Content Generation
mod_auth:
AuthUserFile access/.htpasswd
URI Translation
mod_rewrite:
RewriteRule /favicon.ico$ /images/favicon.ico
Content Generation

43. ...for instance Resource control URI Translation Content Generation
mod_auth:
AuthUserFile access/.htpasswd
URI Translation
mod_rewrite:
RewriteRule /favicon.ico$ /images/favicon.ico
Content Generation
mod_cgi:
SetHandler cgi-script

44. That's great
breaking down the request into distinct phases has many benefits

45. That's great
breaking down the request into distinct phases has many benefits
gives each processing point a role that can be easily managed and programmed

46. That's great
breaking down the request into distinct phases has many benefits
gives each processing point a role that can be easily managed and programmed
makes Apache more like an application framework rather than a content engine

47. That's great, but...
breaking down the request into distinct phases has many benefits
gives each processing point a role that can be easily managed and programmed
makes Apache more like an application framework rather than a content engine
but you have to code in C

48. Enter mod_perl

49. Enter mod_perl
mod_perl offers an interface to each phase of the request cycle

50. Enter mod_perl
mod_perl offers an interface to each phase of the request cycle
opens up the Apache API to Perl code

51. Enter mod_perl
mod_perl offers an interface to each phase of the request cycle
opens up the Apache API to Perl code
allows you to program targeted parts of the request cycle using Perl

52. Enter mod_perl
mod_perl offers an interface to each phase of the request cycle
opens up the Apache API to Perl code
allows you to program targeted parts of the request cycle using Perl
we like Perl

53. Apache Request Cycle client request logging URI-based init content
URI translation
fixups
file-based init
MIME setting
resource control

54. mod_perl Interface client request PerlCleanupHandler PerlLogHandler
PerlPostReadRequestHandler
logging
URI-based init
PerlHandler
PerlTransHandler
content
URI translation
PerlFixupHandler
PerlHeaderParserHandler
fixups
file-based init
PerlAccessHandler PerlAuthenHandler PerlAuthzHandler
PerlTypeHandler
MIME setting
resource control

55. mod_perl Interface world's ugliest slide client request
PerlCleanupHandler
PerlLogHandler
PerlPostReadRequestHandler
world's ugliest slide
logging
URI-based init
PerlHandler
PerlTransHandler
content
URI translation
PerlFixupHandler
PerlHeaderParserHandler
fixups
file-based init
PerlAccessHandler PerlAuthenHandler PerlAuthzHandler
PerlTypeHandler
MIME setting
resource control

56. How?

57. How? mod_perl embeds an entire perl interpreter into Apache

58. How? mod_perl embeds an entire perl interpreter into Apache
each httpd child has its own perl interpreter

59. Why?

60. Why? create a persistent perl environment

61. Why? create a persistent perl environment increase performace

62. Why? create a persistent perl environment
increase performace* (for the dynamic parts)

63. Why? create a persistent perl environment open up the Apache API
increase performace* (for the dynamic parts)
open up the Apache API

64. Why? create a persistent perl environment open up the Apache API
increase performace* (for the dynamic parts)
open up the Apache API
increase developer options

65. Why? create a persistent perl environment open up the Apache API
increase performace* (for the dynamic parts)
open up the Apache API
increase developer options
because it's cool

66. What is mod_perl?

67. What is mod_perl?
to the masses, mod_perl is just faster CGI a la Apache::Registry

68. What is mod_perl?
to the masses, mod_perl is just faster CGI a la Apache::Registry
leads to comparisons to FastCGI, PerlEx, and other CGI enhancement engines

69. What is mod_perl?
to the masses, mod_perl is just faster CGI a la Apache::Registry
leads to comparisons to FastCGI, PerlEx, and other CGI enhancement engines
not an accurate description of mod_perl, so comparisons aren't really valid

70. Registry is just a Handler
Apache::Registry is merely an (incredibly clever and amazing) mod_perl handler

71. Registry is just a Handler
Apache::Registry is merely an (incredibly clever and amazing) mod_perl handler
uses the mod_perl API to interface with the content generation phase of the request cycle

72. Registry is just a Handler
Apache::Registry is merely an (incredibly clever and amazing) mod_perl handler
uses the mod_perl API to interface with the content generation phase of the request cycle
possible because of what mod_perl really is

73. What is mod_perl?

74. What is mod_perl?
a C extension module, just like mod_cgi or mod_rewrite

75. What is mod_perl?
a C extension module, just like mod_cgi or mod_rewrite
the Perl interface to the Apache API

76. What is mod_perl?
a C extension module, just like mod_cgi or mod_rewrite
the Perl interface to the Apache API
allows you to interact and alter the server directly

77. What is mod_perl?
a C extension module, just like mod_cgi or mod_rewrite
the Perl interface to the Apache API
allows you to interact and alter the server directly
gives you the ability to "program within Apache's framework instead of around it"

78. What's the Big Deal?

79. What's the Big Deal?
mod_perl allows you to intercept basic Apache functions and replace them with your own (sometimes devious) Perl substitutes

80. What's the Big Deal?
mod_perl allows you to intercept basic Apache functions and replace them with your own (sometimes devious) Perl substitutes
extremely powerful

81. What's the Big Deal?
mod_perl allows you to intercept basic Apache functions and replace them with your own (sometimes devious) Perl substitutes
extremely powerful
interesting side effects

82. mod_cgi Setup Alias /cgi-bin/ /usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/
<Location /cgi-bin>
SetHandler cgi-script
Options +ExecCGI
Order Allow,Deny
Allow from All
</Location>

83. mod_cgi Setup Alias /cgi-bin/ /usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/
<Location /cgi-bin>
SetHandler cgi-script
Options +ExecCGI
Order Allow,Deny
Allow from All
</Location>

84. Apache::Registry Setup Alias /perl-bin/ /usr/local/apache/perl-bin/
<Location /perl-bin>
SetHandler perl-script
PerlHandler Apache::Registry
Options +ExecCGI
Order Allow,Deny
Allow from All
</Location>

85. Apache::Registry Setup Alias /perl-bin/ /usr/local/apache/perl-bin/
<Location /perl-bin>
SetHandler perl-script
PerlHandler Apache::Registry
Options +ExecCGI
Order Allow,Deny
Allow from All
</Location>

86. Apache::Registry
Client

87. Apache::Registry Client http://localhost/perl-bin/foo.pl

88. Apache::Registry Client Server http://localhost/perl-bin/foo.pl

89. Apache::Registry Client Server http://localhost/perl-bin/foo.pl
mod_perl intercepts content generation

90. Apache::Registry Client Server http://localhost/perl-bin/foo.pl
mod_perl intercepts content generation
for Apache/Registry.pm

91. Apache::Registry Client Server http://localhost/perl-bin/foo.pl
mod_perl intercepts content generation
for Apache/Registry.pm
calls Apache::Registry::handler(Apache->request)

92. Apache::Registry Client Server http://localhost/perl-bin/foo.pl
mod_perl intercepts content generation
for Apache/Registry.pm
calls Apache::Registry::handler(Apache->request)
inserts wizardry

93. Apache::Registry Client Server http://localhost/perl-bin/foo.pl
mod_perl intercepts content generation
for Apache/Registry.pm
calls Apache::Registry::handler(Apache->request)
inserts wizardry
returns response to client

94. Wizardry, you say?

95. Wizardry, you say?
the wizardry is basically just putting the CGI script into it's own package

96. Wizardry, you say?
the wizardry is basically just putting the CGI script into it's own package
package Apache::ROOT::perl_2dbin::foo_2epl;
sub handler {
BEGIN {
$^W = 1; };
... your script here... } 1;

97. Wizardry, you say?
the wizardry is basically just putting the CGI script into it's own package
package Apache::ROOT::perl_2dbin::foo_2epl;
sub handler {
BEGIN {
$^W = 1; };
... your script here... } 1;
because the perl interpreter is persistent the (compiled) package is already in memory when called

98. So, how fast is it?

99. So, how fast is it?

100. So, how fast is it?
ab -n1000 -c100
2 requests per second (650 seconds for test to run)

101. So, how fast is it?
ab -n1000 -c100
2 requests per second (650 seconds for test to run)
ab -n1000 -c100
34 requests per second (30 seconds for test to run)

102. So, how fast is it?
ab -n1000 -c100
2 requests per second (650 seconds for test to run)
ab -n1000 -c100
34 requests per second (30 seconds for test to run)
ab -n1000 -c100
55 requests per second (18 seconds for test to run)

104. "The dream is always the same"

105. "The dream is always the same"
the basic process for mod_perl is the same for content generation as for the other request phases

106. "The dream is always the same"
the basic process for mod_perl is the same for content generation as for the other request phases
Apache passes control to mod_perl

107. "The dream is always the same"
the basic process for mod_perl is the same for content generation as for the other request phases
Apache passes control to mod_perl
mod_perl passes control to your Perl subroutine

108. "The dream is always the same"
the basic process for mod_perl is the same for content generation as for the other request phases
Apache passes control to mod_perl
mod_perl passes control to your Perl subroutine
your Perl subroutine defines the status

109. "The dream is always the same"
the basic process for mod_perl is the same for content generation as for the other request phases
Apache passes control to mod_perl
mod_perl passes control to your Perl subroutine
your Perl subroutine defines the status
mod_perl passes status back to Apache

110. "The dream is always the same"
the basic process for mod_perl is the same for content generation as for the other request phases
Apache passes control to mod_perl
mod_perl passes control to your Perl subroutine
your Perl subroutine defines the status
mod_perl passes status back to Apache
Apache continues along

111. Apache Logging

112. Apache Logging default logging mechanism in Apache

113. Apache Logging default logging mechanism in Apache configuration
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
CustomLog logs/access_log common

114. Apache Logging default logging mechanism in Apache configuration
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
CustomLog logs/access_log common
result
[22/Apr/2002:11:28: ] "GET /perl-status HTTP/1.1"

115. Apache Logging default logging mechanism in Apache
configuration
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
CustomLog logs/access_log common
result
[22/Apr/2002:11:28: ] "GET /perl-status HTTP/1.1"
we can accomplish the same thing using the mod_perl API

116. Caveats
just an illustration

117. Caveats just an illustration
in general, we don't duplicate default functionality even though we can

118. Caveats just an illustration
in general, we don't duplicate default functionality even though we can
core Apache routines are faster

119. Caveats just an illustration
in general, we don't duplicate default functionality even though we can
core Apache routines are faster
have been around longer

120. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

121. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

122. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

123. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

124. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

125. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

126. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = Apache->request;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

127. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

128. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

129. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

130. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

131. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

132. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

133. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

134. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

135. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

136. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

137. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

138. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

139. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

140. package My::CommonLog; use Apache::Constants qw(OK SERVER_ERROR);
use Apache::File;
use Apache::Util qw(ht_time);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
my $c = $r->connection;
my $log = $r->server_root_relative("logs/access_log");
my $fh = Apache::File->new(">>$log") or return SERVER_ERROR;
= ($r->get_remote_host,
$c->remote_logname,
$r->user,
ht_time($r->request_time, '[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]', 0),
(join '', '"', $r->the_request, '"'),
$r->last->status,
$r->bytes_sent);
@line = map { $_ ||= '-'
print $fh (join ' "\n";
return OK; } 1;

141. Setup
add CommonLog.pm

142. Setup add CommonLog.pm to @INC ServerRoot/lib/perl/My/CommonLog.pm

143. Setup add CommonLog.pm to @INC add to httpd.conf
ServerRoot/lib/perl/My/CommonLog.pm
add to httpd.conf

144. Setup add CommonLog.pm to @INC add to httpd.conf
ServerRoot/lib/perl/My/CommonLog.pm
add to httpd.conf
PerlModule My::CommonLog
PerlLogHandler My::CommonLog

145. Setup add CommonLog.pm to @INC add to httpd.conf that's it!
ServerRoot/lib/perl/My/CommonLog.pm
add to httpd.conf
PerlModule My::CommonLog
PerlLogHandler My::CommonLog
that's it!

146. Key Concept the Apache request object, $r

147. Key Concept the Apache request object, $r
passed to handlers or available via Apache->request()

148. Key Concept the Apache request object, $r
passed to handlers or available via Apache->request()
provides access to the Apache class, which provides access to the request attributes

149. Key Concept the Apache request object, $r
passed to handlers or available via Apache->request()
provides access to the Apache class, which provides access to the request attributes
singleton-like constructor

151. Just the Beginning

152. Just the Beginning
almost every part of Apache's default behavior can be replaced, rewritten, or extended using mod_perl

153. Just the Beginning
almost every part of Apache's default behavior can be replaced, rewritten, or extended using mod_perl
in many cases you can do much more than you can with Apache and C due to Perl's ability to fold, spindle, and mutilate everyday items

154. User Authentication

155. User Authentication
Apache default authentication mechansim is mod_auth

156. User Authentication
Apache default authentication mechansim is mod_auth
uses a password file generated using Apache's htpasswd utility

157. User Authentication
Apache default authentication mechansim is mod_auth
uses a password file generated using Apache's htpasswd utility
geoff:zzpEyL0tbgwwk

158. User Authentication
configuration placed in .htaccess file or httpd.conf

159. User Authentication
configuration placed in .htaccess file or httpd.conf
AuthUserFile access/.htpasswd
AuthName "my site"
AuthType Basic
Require valid-user

160. User Authentication
configuration placed in .htaccess file or httpd.conf
AuthUserFile access/.htpasswd
AuthName "my site"
AuthType Basic
Require valid-user

161. Who Uses Flat Files?
flat files are limiting, hard to manage, difficult to integrate, and just plain boring

162. Who Uses Flat Files?
flat files are limiting, hard to manage, difficult to integrate, and just plain boring
we can use the Apache API and Perl to replace flat files with our own authentication mechanism

163. How Authentication Works
client requests a document

164. How Authentication Works
client requests a document
GET /perl-status HTTP/1.1
Accept: text/xml, image/png, image/jpeg, image/gif, text/plain
Accept-Charset: ISO , utf-8;q=0.66, *;q=0.66
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, compress;q=0.9
Accept-Language: en-us
Connection: keep-alive
Host:
Keep-Alive: 300
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US)

165. How Authentication Works
client requests a document
GET /perl-status HTTP/1.1
Accept: text/xml, image/png, image/jpeg, image/gif, text/plain
Accept-Charset: ISO , utf-8;q=0.66, *;q=0.66
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, compress;q=0.9
Accept-Language: en-us
Connection: keep-alive
Host:
Keep-Alive: 300
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US)
server denies request

166. How Authentication Works
client requests a document
GET /perl-status HTTP/1.1
Accept: text/xml, image/png, image/jpeg, image/gif, text/plain
Accept-Charset: ISO , utf-8;q=0.66, *;q=0.66
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, compress;q=0.9
Accept-Language: en-us
Connection: keep-alive
Host:
Keep-Alive: 300
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US)
server denies request
HTTP/ Authorization Required
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="my site"
Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=100
Connection: Keep-Alive
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso

167. How Authentication Works
client requests a document
GET /perl-status HTTP/1.1
Accept: text/xml, image/png, image/jpeg, image/gif, text/plain
Accept-Charset: ISO , utf-8;q=0.66, *;q=0.66
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, compress;q=0.9
Accept-Language: en-us
Connection: keep-alive
Host:
Keep-Alive: 300
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US)
server denies request
HTTP/ Authorization Required
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="my site"
Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=100
Connection: Keep-Alive
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso

168. How Authentication Works
client request
client request
logging
URI-based init
content
URI translation
fixups
file-based init
MIME setting
resource control

169. How Authentication Works
client request
client request
URI-based init
URI translation
file-based init
resource control
resource control

170. How Authentication Works
client request
client request
URI-based init
URI translation
file-based init
resource control
resource control
HTTP/ Authorization Required

171. How Authentication Works
client request
client request
logging
URI-based init
URI translation
file-based init
resource control
resource control
HTTP/ Authorization Required

172. How Authentication Works
client sends a new request

173. How Authentication Works
client sends a new request
GET /perl-status HTTP/1.1
Accept: text/xml, image/png, image/jpeg, image/gif, text/plain
Accept-Charset: ISO , utf-8;q=0.66, *;q=0.66
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, compress;q=0.9
Accept-Language: en-us
Authorization: Basic Z2VvZmY6YWZha2VwYXNzd29yZA==
Connection: keep-alive
Host:
Keep-Alive: 300
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US)

174. How Authentication Works
client sends a new request
GET /perl-status HTTP/1.1
Accept: text/xml, image/png, image/jpeg, image/gif, text/plain
Accept-Charset: ISO , utf-8;q=0.66, *;q=0.66
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, compress;q=0.9
Accept-Language: en-us
Authorization: Basic Z2VvZmY6YWZha2VwYXNzd29yZA==
Connection: keep-alive
Host:
Keep-Alive: 300
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US)

175. How Authentication Works
client sends a new request
GET /perl-status HTTP/1.1
Accept: text/xml, image/png, image/jpeg, image/gif, text/plain
Accept-Charset: ISO , utf-8;q=0.66, *;q=0.66
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, compress;q=0.9
Accept-Language: en-us
Authorization: Basic Z2VvZmY6YWZha2VwYXNzd29yZA==
Connection: keep-alive
Host:
Keep-Alive: 300
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US)
server sends document

176. How Authentication Works
client sends a new request
GET /perl-status HTTP/1.1
Accept: text/xml, image/png, image/jpeg, image/gif, text/plain
Accept-Charset: ISO , utf-8;q=0.66, *;q=0.66
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, compress;q=0.9
Accept-Language: en-us
Authorization: Basic Z2VvZmY6YWZha2VwYXNzd29yZA==
Connection: keep-alive
Host:
Keep-Alive: 300
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US)
server sends document
HTTP/ OK
Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=99
Connection: Keep-Alive
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Content-Type: text/html

177. Do it in Perl
since mod_perl gives us the ability to intercept the request cycle before Apache, we can authenticate using Perl instead

178. Do it in Perl
since mod_perl gives us the ability to intercept the request cycle before Apache, we can authenticate using Perl instead
Apache provides an API, making the job easy

179. Do it in Perl
since mod_perl gives us the ability to intercept the request cycle before Apache, we can authenticate using Perl instead
Apache provides an API, making the job easy
mod_perl provides access to the Apache API

180. package My::Authenticate;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED AUTH_REQUIRED);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
# Let subrequests pass.
return DECLINED unless $r->is_initial_req;
# Get the client-supplied credentials.
my ($status, $password) = $r->get_basic_auth_pw;
return $status unless $status == OK;
# Perform some custom user/password validation.
return OK if authenticate_user($r->user, $password);
# Whoops, bad credentials.
$r->note_basic_auth_failure;
return AUTH_REQUIRED; }

181. package My::Authenticate;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED AUTH_REQUIRED);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
# Let subrequests pass.
return DECLINED unless $r->is_initial_req;
# Get the client-supplied credentials.
my ($status, $password) = $r->get_basic_auth_pw;
return $status unless $status == OK;
# Perform some custom user/password validation.
return OK if authenticate_user($r->user, $password);
# Whoops, bad credentials.
$r->note_basic_auth_failure;
return AUTH_REQUIRED; }

182. package My::Authenticate;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED AUTH_REQUIRED);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
# Let subrequests pass.
return DECLINED unless $r->is_initial_req;
# Get the client-supplied credentials.
my ($status, $password) = $r->get_basic_auth_pw;
return $status unless $status == OK;
# Perform some custom user/password validation.
return OK if authenticate_user($r->user, $password);
# Whoops, bad credentials.
$r->note_basic_auth_failure;
return AUTH_REQUIRED; }

183. package My::Authenticate;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED AUTH_REQUIRED);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
# Let subrequests pass.
return DECLINED unless $r->is_initial_req;
# Get the client-supplied credentials.
my ($status, $password) = $r->get_basic_auth_pw;
return $status unless $status == OK;
# Perform some custom user/password validation.
return OK if authenticate_user($r->user, $password);
# Whoops, bad credentials.
$r->note_basic_auth_failure;
return AUTH_REQUIRED; }

184. package My::Authenticate;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED AUTH_REQUIRED);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
# Let subrequests pass.
return DECLINED unless $r->is_initial_req;
# Get the client-supplied credentials.
my ($status, $password) = $r->get_basic_auth_pw;
return $status unless $status == OK;
# Perform some custom user/password validation.
return OK if authenticate_user($r->user, $password);
# Whoops, bad credentials.
$r->note_basic_auth_failure;
return AUTH_REQUIRED; }

185. package My::Authenticate;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED AUTH_REQUIRED);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
# Let subrequests pass.
return DECLINED unless $r->is_initial_req;
# Get the client-supplied credentials.
my ($status, $password) = $r->get_basic_auth_pw;
return $status unless $status == OK;
# Perform some custom user/password validation.
return OK if authenticate_user($r->user, $password);
# Whoops, bad credentials.
$r->note_basic_auth_failure;
return AUTH_REQUIRED; }

186. package My::Authenticate;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED AUTH_REQUIRED);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
# Let subrequests pass.
return DECLINED unless $r->is_initial_req;
# Get the client-supplied credentials.
my ($status, $password) = $r->get_basic_auth_pw;
return $status unless $status == OK;
# Perform some custom user/password validation.
return OK if authenticate_user($r->user, $password);
# Whoops, bad credentials.
$r->note_basic_auth_failure;
return AUTH_REQUIRED; }

187. package My::Authenticate;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED AUTH_REQUIRED);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
# Let subrequests pass.
return DECLINED unless $r->is_initial_req;
# Get the client-supplied credentials.
my ($status, $password) = $r->get_basic_auth_pw;
return $status unless $status == OK;
# Perform some custom user/password validation.
return OK if authenticate_user($r->user, $password);
# Whoops, bad credentials.
$r->note_basic_auth_failure;
return AUTH_REQUIRED; }

188. package My::Authenticate;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED AUTH_REQUIRED);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
# Let subrequests pass.
return DECLINED unless $r->is_initial_req;
# Get the client-supplied credentials.
my ($status, $password) = $r->get_basic_auth_pw;
return $status unless $status == OK;
# Perform some custom user/password validation.
return OK if authenticate_user($r->user, $password);
# Whoops, bad credentials.
$r->note_basic_auth_failure;
return AUTH_REQUIRED; }

189. package My::Authenticate;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED AUTH_REQUIRED);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
# Let subrequests pass.
return DECLINED unless $r->is_initial_req;
# Get the client-supplied credentials.
my ($status, $password) = $r->get_basic_auth_pw;
return $status unless $status == OK;
# Perform some custom user/password validation.
return OK if authenticate_user($r->user, $password);
# Whoops, bad credentials.
$r->note_basic_auth_failure;
return AUTH_REQUIRED; }

190. package My::Authenticate;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED AUTH_REQUIRED);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
# Let subrequests pass.
return DECLINED unless $r->is_initial_req;
# Get the client-supplied credentials.
my ($status, $password) = $r->get_basic_auth_pw;
return $status unless $status == OK;
# Perform some custom user/password validation.
return OK if authenticate_user($r->user, $password);
# Whoops, bad credentials.
$r->note_basic_auth_failure;
return AUTH_REQUIRED; }

191. package My::Authenticate;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED AUTH_REQUIRED);
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
# Let subrequests pass.
return DECLINED unless $r->is_initial_req;
# Get the client-supplied credentials.
my ($status, $password) = $r->get_basic_auth_pw;
return $status unless $status == OK;
# Perform some custom user/password validation.
return OK if authenticate_user($r->user, $password);
# Whoops, bad credentials.
$r->note_basic_auth_failure;
return AUTH_REQUIRED; }

192. Configuration change AuthUserFile restricted/.htpasswd
AuthName "my site"
AuthType Basic
Require valid-user

193. Configuration change to AuthUserFile restricted/.htpasswd
AuthName "my site"
AuthType Basic
Require valid-user to
PerlAuthenHandler My::Authenticate

194. Configuration change to AuthUserFile restricted/.htpasswd
AuthName "my site"
AuthType Basic
Require valid-user to
PerlAuthenHandler My::Authenticate

195. The Choice is Yours how you decide to authenticate is now up to you

196. The Choice is Yours how you decide to authenticate is now up to you
sub authenticate_user {
my ($user, $pass)
return 1 if $user eq $pass; }

197. The Choice is Yours how you decide to authenticate is now up to you
sub authenticate_user {
my ($user, $pass)
return 1 if $user eq $pass; }
are you seeing the possibilities yet?

198. The Power of CPAN
over 25 Apache:: shrink-wrapped modules on CPAN for authentication
SecureID
Radius
SMB
LDAP
NTLM

199. To Infinity and Beyond!

200. To Infinity and Beyond!

201. To Infinity and Beyond!
this example only covered Basic authentication via popup box

202. To Infinity and Beyond!
this example only covered Basic authentication via popup box
the same techniques can be used to authenticate via a login form plus cookies, munged URLs, or hidden fields

203. To Infinity and Beyond!
this example only covered Basic authentication via popup box
the same techniques can be used to authenticate via a login form plus cookies, munged URLs, or hidden fields
extended to use Digest authentication as well

205. Magic

206. Magic filtered content generation impossible with Apache 1.3

207. Magic filtered content generation impossible with Apache 1.3
can't send CGI output through mod_ssi

208. Magic filtered content generation impossible with Apache 1.3
can't send CGI output through mod_ssi
reason for output filters in Apache 2.0

209. Magic filtered content generation impossible with Apache 1.3
can't send CGI output through mod_ssi
reason for output filters in Apache 2.0
mod_perl has had output filtering for years

210. Magic filtered content generation impossible with Apache 1.3
can't send CGI output through mod_ssi
reason for output filters in Apache 2.0
mod_perl has had output filtering for years
possible due to Perl's TIEHANDLE interface

211. TIEHANDLE in mod_perl
mod_perl tie()s STDOUT to the Apache class prior to the content generation phase

212. TIEHANDLE in mod_perl
mod_perl tie()s STDOUT to the Apache class prior to the content generation phase
you can tie() STDOUT as well and override mod_perl's default behavior

213. TIEHANDLE in mod_perl
mod_perl tie()s STDOUT to the Apache class prior to the content generation phase
you can tie() STDOUT as well and override mod_perl's default behavior
very useful with stacked handlers

214. Stacked Handlers

215. Stacked Handlers
for each phase of the request, mod_perl will run any registered Perl handlers for that phase

216. Stacked Handlers
for each phase of the request, mod_perl will run any registered Perl handlers for that phase
you can register more than one Perl handler per phase

217. Stacked Handlers
for each phase of the request, mod_perl will run any registered Perl handlers for that phase
you can register more than one Perl handler per phase
whether all handlers are called depends on the syntax of the phase itself in Apache

218. Stacked Handlers some phase run until the handler list is exhausted

219. Stacked Handlers some phase run until the handler list is exhausted
PerlLogHandler My::DBLogger
PerlLogHandler My::FileLogger

220. Stacked Handlers some phase run until the handler list is exhausted
PerlLogHandler My::DBLogger
PerlLogHandler My::FileLogger
some phases run until one handler returns OK

221. Stacked Handlers some phase run until the handler list is exhausted
PerlLogHandler My::DBLogger
PerlLogHandler My::FileLogger
some phases run until one handler returns OK
PerlTransHandler My::TranslateHTML
PerlTransHandler My::TranslateText

222. Stacked Handlers some phase run until the handler list is exhausted
PerlLogHandler My::DBLogger
PerlLogHandler My::FileLogger
some phases run until one handler returns OK
PerlTransHandler My::TranslateHTML
PerlTransHandler My::TranslateText
all phases terminate on "error"

223. Stacked Content Handlers
for the content generation phase, running multiple Perl handlers can be incredibly powerful

224. Stacked Content Handlers
for the content generation phase, running multiple Perl handlers can be incredibly powerful
Apache::Filter implements a simple interface for pipelining content handlers

225. Stacked Content Handlers
for the content generation phase, running multiple Perl handlers can be incredibly powerful
Apache::Filter implements a simple interface for pipelining content handlers
uses TIEHANDLE in the background

226. Sample PerlHandler
create a handler that uses CPAN module HTML::Clean to "clean" outgoing documents

227. Sample PerlHandler
create a handler that uses CPAN module HTML::Clean to "clean" outgoing documents
alter the handler to use Apache::Filter so that the "clean" output can be passed to other Perl handlers

228. use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED); use Apache::File;
package My::Clean;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED);
use Apache::File;
use HTML::Clean;
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
return DECLINED unless ($r->content_type eq 'text/html');
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;
my $dirty = do {local $/; <$fh>};
my $h = HTML::Clean->new(\$dirty);
$h->level(3);
$h->strip;
$r->send_http_header('text/html');
print ${$h->data};
return OK; } 1;

229. use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED); use Apache::File;
package My::Clean;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED);
use Apache::File;
use HTML::Clean;
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
return DECLINED unless ($r->content_type eq 'text/html');
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;
my $dirty = do {local $/; <$fh>};
my $h = HTML::Clean->new(\$dirty);
$h->level(3);
$h->strip;
$r->send_http_header('text/html');
print ${$h->data};
return OK; } 1;

230. use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED); use Apache::File;
package My::Clean;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED);
use Apache::File;
use HTML::Clean;
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
return DECLINED unless ($r->content_type eq 'text/html');
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;
my $dirty = do {local $/; <$fh>};
my $h = HTML::Clean->new(\$dirty);
$h->level(3);
$h->strip;
$r->send_http_header('text/html');
print ${$h->data};
return OK; } 1;

231. use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED); use Apache::File;
package My::Clean;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED);
use Apache::File;
use HTML::Clean;
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
return DECLINED unless ($r->content_type eq 'text/html');
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;
my $dirty = do {local $/; <$fh>};
my $h = HTML::Clean->new(\$dirty);
$h->level(3);
$h->strip;
$r->send_http_header('text/html');
print ${$h->data};
return OK; } 1;

232. use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED); use Apache::File;
package My::Clean;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED);
use Apache::File;
use HTML::Clean;
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
return DECLINED unless ($r->content_type eq 'text/html');
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;
my $dirty = do {local $/; <$fh>};
my $h = HTML::Clean->new(\$dirty);
$h->level(3);
$h->strip;
$r->send_http_header('text/html');
print ${$h->data};
return OK; } 1;

233. use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED); use Apache::File;
package My::Clean;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED);
use Apache::File;
use HTML::Clean;
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
return DECLINED unless ($r->content_type eq 'text/html');
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;
my $dirty = do {local $/; <$fh>};
my $h = HTML::Clean->new(\$dirty);
$h->level(3);
$h->strip;
$r->send_http_header('text/html');
print ${$h->data};
return OK; } 1;

234. use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED); use Apache::File;
package My::Clean;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED);
use Apache::File;
use HTML::Clean;
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
return DECLINED unless ($r->content_type eq 'text/html');
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;
my $dirty = do {local $/; <$fh>};
my $h = HTML::Clean->new(\$dirty);
$h->level(3);
$h->strip;
$r->send_http_header('text/html');
print ${$h->data};
return OK; } 1;

235. use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED); use Apache::File;
package My::Clean;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED);
use Apache::File;
use HTML::Clean;
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
return DECLINED unless ($r->content_type eq 'text/html');
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;
my $dirty = do {local $/; <$fh>};
my $h = HTML::Clean->new(\$dirty);
$h->level(3);
$h->strip;
$r->send_http_header('text/html');
print ${$h->data};
return OK; } 1;

236. use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED); use Apache::File;
package My::Clean;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED);
use Apache::File;
use HTML::Clean;
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
return DECLINED unless ($r->content_type eq 'text/html');
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;
my $dirty = do {local $/; <$fh>};
my $h = HTML::Clean->new(\$dirty);
$h->level(3);
$h->strip;
$r->send_http_header('text/html');
print ${$h->data};
return OK; } 1;

237. use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED); use Apache::File;
package My::Clean;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED);
use Apache::File;
use HTML::Clean;
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
return DECLINED unless ($r->content_type eq 'text/html');
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;
my $dirty = do {local $/; <$fh>};
my $h = HTML::Clean->new(\$dirty);
$h->level(3);
$h->strip;
$r->send_http_header('text/html');
print ${$h->data};
return OK; } 1;

238. use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED); use Apache::File;
package My::Clean;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED);
use Apache::File;
use HTML::Clean;
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
return DECLINED unless ($r->content_type eq 'text/html');
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;
my $dirty = do {local $/; <$fh>};
my $h = HTML::Clean->new(\$dirty);
$h->level(3);
$h->strip;
$r->send_http_header('text/html');
print ${$h->data};
return OK; } 1;

239. use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED); use Apache::File;
package My::Clean;
use Apache::Constants qw(OK DECLINED);
use Apache::File;
use HTML::Clean;
use strict;
sub handler {
my $r = shift;
return DECLINED unless ($r->content_type eq 'text/html');
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;
my $dirty = do {local $/; <$fh>};
my $h = HTML::Clean->new(\$dirty);
$h->level(3);
$h->strip;
$r->send_http_header('text/html');
print ${$h->data};
return OK; } 1;

240. Configuration add directives to httpd.conf to mirror DocumentRoot
Alias /clean /usr/local/apache/htdocs
<Location /clean>
SetHandler perl-script
PerlHandler My::Clean
</Location>

241. Results original: 202 bytes <html> <body>
<form method="GET" action="/foo">
Text: <input type="text" name="foo"><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
<strong>hi there </strong>
</body>
</html>

242. Results original: 202 bytes clean: 145 bytes <html> <body>
<form method="GET" action="/foo">
Text: <input type="text" name="foo"><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
<strong>hi there </strong>
</body>
</html>
clean: 145 bytes
<html><body><form method="GET" action="/foo"> Text: <input type="text" name="foo"><br><input type="submit"></form><b>hi there </b></body></html>

243. Results original: 202 bytes clean: 145 bytes <html> <body>
<form method="GET" action="/foo">
Text: <input type="text" name="foo"><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
<strong>hi there </strong>
</body>
</html>
clean: 145 bytes
<html><body><form method="GET" action="/foo"> Text: <input type="text" name="foo"><br><input type="submit"></form><b>hi there </b></body></html>

244. Now for the Fun Part

245. Now for the Fun Part
modify our handler to work either standalone or as part of a handler chain

246. Now for the Fun Part
modify our handler to work either standalone or as part of a handler chain
easy using Apache::Filter

247. Apache::Filter Changes
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;

248. Apache::Filter Changes
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;
to:
my $fh = undef;
if (lc $r->dir_config('Filter') eq 'on') {
$r = $r->filter_register;
($fh, my $status) = $r->filter_input;
return $status unless $status == OK }
else {
$fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;

249. Apache::Filter Changes
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;
to:
my $fh = undef;
if (lc $r->dir_config('Filter') eq 'on') {
$r = $r->filter_register;
($fh, my $status) = $r->filter_input;
return $status unless $status == OK }
else {
$fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;

250. Apache::Filter Changes
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;
to:
my $fh = undef;
if (lc $r->dir_config('Filter') eq 'on') {
$r = $r->filter_register;
($fh, my $status) = $r->filter_input;
return $status unless $status == OK }
else {
$fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;

251. Apache::Filter Changes
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;
to:
my $fh = undef;
if (lc $r->dir_config('Filter') eq 'on') {
$r = $r->filter_register;
($fh, my $status) = $r->filter_input;
return $status unless $status == OK }
else {
$fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;

252. Apache::Filter Changes
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;
to:
my $fh = undef;
if (lc $r->dir_config('Filter') eq 'on') {
$r = $r->filter_register;
($fh, my $status) = $r->filter_input;
return $status unless $status == OK }
else {
$fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;

253. Apache::Filter Changes
my $fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;
to:
my $fh = undef;
if (lc $r->dir_config('Filter') eq 'on') {
$r = $r->filter_register;
($fh, my $status) = $r->filter_input;
return $status unless $status == OK }
else {
$fh = Apache::File->new($r->filename) or return DECLINED;

254. Configuration change Alias /clean /usr/local/apache/htdocs
<Location /clean>
SetHandler perl-script
PerlHandler My::Clean
</Location>

255. Configuration change to Alias /clean /usr/local/apache/htdocs
<Location /clean>
SetHandler perl-script
PerlHandler My::Clean
</Location> to
PerlModule Apache::Filter
PerlSetVar Filter On

256. Configuration change to Alias /clean /usr/local/apache/htdocs
<Location /clean>
SetHandler perl-script
PerlHandler My::Clean
</Location> to
PerlModule Apache::Filter
PerlSetVar Filter On

257. So What?

258. So What?
new Apache::Filter aware code works the same as the standalone module

259. So What?
new Apache::Filter aware code works the same as the standalone module
can be used as part of a PerlHandler chain

260. So What?
new Apache::Filter aware code works the same as the standalone module
can be used as part of a PerlHandler chain
can be any part of the chain

261. Compressing Output
Apache::Compress

262. Compressing Output Apache::Compress available from CPAN
uses Compress::Zlib to compress output
Apache::Filter aware

263. Configuration change Alias /clean /usr/local/apache/htdocs
<Location /clean>
SetHandler perl-script
PerlHandler My::Clean
PerlSetVar Filter On
</Location>

264. Configuration change to Alias /clean /usr/local/apache/htdocs
<Location /clean>
SetHandler perl-script
PerlHandler My::Clean
PerlSetVar Filter On
</Location> to
PerlHandler My::Clean Apache::Compress

265. Configuration change to Alias /clean /usr/local/apache/htdocs
<Location /clean>
SetHandler perl-script
PerlHandler My::Clean
PerlSetVar Filter On
</Location> to
PerlHandler My::Clean Apache::Compress

266. Stacked Power http://perl.apache.org/index.html straight HTML
35668 bytes
My::Clean
28162 bytes (79%)
Apache::Compress
8177 bytes (23%)
My::Clean + Apache::Compress
7458 bytes (21%)

268. Fine Manuals Writing Apache Modules with Perl and C
mod_perl Developer's Cookbook
mod_perl Pocket Reference
mod_perl Guide
mod_perl at the ASF