1. Thomas Jefferson
D-R, Virginia,

2. Early Life and Beliefs 3rd President (1801-1809)
Democratic-Republican, Vir.
Son of landowners
Becomes a surveyor
Graduated from William and Mary
Believes in small gov’t, low taxes and little intervention
Strict interpretation
Wrote Dec. of Ind
Created U of Vir.
Ambassador to France

3. The Election of 1800 Democratic-Republican Candidates:
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr

4. The Election of 1800 Federalist Candidates:
John Adams and Charles C. Pinckney

5. The Election of 1800 Democratic-Republicans won the election
Both winning candidates, Jefferson and Burr, received 73 electoral votes
Election was settled the House of Representatives after 35 votes
Hamilton swings NY and the election to Jefferson, angers Burr
YouTube - Original "got milk?" commercial

6. Inauguration of 1801 First president sworn in, in D.C.
Jefferson, surprisingly, calls for unity—he states “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.”
Jefferson DOES NOT propose to change or destroy the structure of the federal government.

7. Early Actions by Jefferson
Appointed Albert Gallatin as Secretary of the Treasury
Cut military spending
Reduced the army from 4000 to 2500 men
Reduced the navy from 25 to 7 ships
Reduced national debt from $83 million to $45 million
Cut ALL internal taxes – money from sales of western land

8. Louisiana Purchase
Spain and France had exchanged Louisiana territory, but France ended up with it after Napoleonic Wars
Jefferson feared France would restrict trade and expansion in New Orleans and West
Jefferson sends Monroe and Robert Livingston to buy New Orleans and part of Florida for $2-10 mil
Napoleon needs $ due to slave revolts in the Caribbean
Napoleon offers the entire territory for $15 mil
U.S. accepts the deal and doubles the size of the country

9. The Louisiana Purchase

10. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark

11. Lewis and Clark
Jefferson’s personal secretary, Captain Meriwether Lewis, is placed in charge of the expedition. The men on this expedition are called the Corps of Discovery.
Lewis selects Lt. William Clark as a co-commander.
Lewis was to explore the territory, map it, find a water route to the Pacific, make friends with the Native Americans, and drive out all French and/or British traders if possible.
Lewis and Clark hire Toussaint Charbonneau as an interpreter and guide his wife was Sacagawea and had Sacagawea’s newborn infant son. (tensions with natives will be eased by Sacagawea and her son’s presence)
May 14, 1804 – September 23,1806 travel approx.. 8,000 miles

12. Zebulon Pike Zebulon Pike also explores the western territory.
Pike reaches the Colorado area and finds the mountain which now bears his name: Pike’s Peak.
Pike then moves south into the Spanish territories which eventually become Texas and Mexico.

13. Barbary Wars (1801 – 1805) Barbary Pirates
Want their yearly tribute to not attack U.S. Ships
Jefferson refuses to pay and pirates declare war on U.S. ships
Jefferson blockades Tripoli
Blockade works and pirates settle
Clear U.S. needs a navy = Jefferson will build one

14. Embargo Act of 1807
Britain and France are still harassing our shipping
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair in June 1807
Jefferson does not want war with Britain
Embargo Act of 1807
Close American ports to all imports and exports to foreign nations
Hope to devastate British and French economy
Backfires and hurts U.S., Br. and Fr. found other markets for their goods
1809 Congress repeals the Embargo
Jefferson has loss of popularity (Essex Junto)
Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 – no trade with Br. and Fr.

15. Jefferson after the Presidency
James Madison, the author of the Constitution, a Democratic-Republican, and Jefferson’s hand-picked successor becomes the next President.
Jefferson renews his friendship with his long-term friend and political rival, John Adams.
Jefferson and Adams exchange tons of letters with each other.
Thomas Jefferson and John Adams both die on the same day: July 4, It was the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence which both men help write.

16. Jefferson’s Legacy Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark Expedition
US Military Academy at West Point
Growth of America in the West
Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, and Illinois- Federal land was $2 an acre