1. Unit 5 sec.1 World War II Ends and the Cold War Begins

2. The United Nations (UN) Created in 1945
Established to promote peace throughout the world
Comprised of 50 nations
Served as a forum for the US and USSR to spread their influence over other nations

3. US Adopts Containment Policy in February 1946
President Truman announces that he is going to stop “babying the Soviets”
Containment Policy involves taking actions to prevent the spread of communism to new nations

4. U.S. and U.S.S.R. Relations Cool
The two superpowers have very different political and economic systems
Without Germany as a common enemy, their forced friendship falls apart
They view each other with suspicion and fear

5. COLD WAR Called the COLD WAR
This starts the period of a state of tension between the Soviet Union and the Unites States without actual war.
Called
the
COLD WAR

6. Iron Curtain Speech Delivered in 1946
Winston Churchill’s speech describes a strongly divided Europe
States the new threat to democracy is from Moscow
Describes Stalin as having drawn an “iron curtain” across the eastern half of Europe.

7. Stalin has drawn an Iron Curtain from the Baltic Sea to the Adriatic Sea with his satellite nations

8. The Truman Doctrine March 12, 1947
“…it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”
--Harry S. Truman
~ The World will be the “global policeman” and provide major aid to Greece and Turkey to oppose communism and outside pressure.
This unilateral declaration effectively transformed the United States into a global policeman facing an almost limitless confrontation with the Soviet Union and its allies. It laid the foundation for American Cold War Policy that would endure for the next four decades.

9. The Marshall Plan June 1947
Secretary of State
George Marshall
Provides economic aid to war ravaged Europe
Designed to end the economic devastation in Europe before they can be exploited by communist revolutionaries
Sixteen countries receive $17 billion in aid over 5 years

10. This map shows the countries that were part of the Marshall Plan
This map shows the countries that were part of the Marshall Plan. Almost all European nations outside the Soviet bloc were members of the plan from the beginning. The two exceptions were Spain, which as a dictatorship under Franco was not invited to participate, and West Germany, which was under Allied occupation and did not become a full member until 1949, after a significant measure of self-government had been restored. Graphs on the map compare agriculture, industry, and foreign-trade levels in 1950, the midpoint of the Marshall Plan, with prewar production in 1938.

11. Conflict Arises Over Germany
World War II divided Germany into 4 zones occupied by America, France, Britain and the Soviet Union
1948 America, France and Britain combine zones
In June, Stalin closes all highway access to Berlin

12. Berlin Airlift Saves the City
Berlin has enough food and fuel for its 2.1 million residents to last 5 weeks
America and Britain begin flying in supplies around the clock
May 1949, Soviets lift the blockade but Western Europeans are fearful of future aggression
The Candy Bomber

13. NATO Established April 1949
Fear of a Soviet invasion of Western Europe unites 8 Western European Nations with the U.S. and Canada
Becomes the first U.S. military alliance during peacetime
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

14. Page 846

15. Interpreting Political Cartoons
That’s not funny!
I don’t
get it!
Ask yourself:
What is the subject?
Who are the main characters?
What symbols are being used?
What does the caricature tell you?
What is the cartoonists message?

16. June 5, 1942

18. Can He Block It?
~ 1947

19. March 14, 1948

20. Ronald Reagan Commercial

22. Ringer #1
America saw Communism as a terrifying threat. What exactly was America afraid of?