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R2 Four Basic Components of a Refrigeration System

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1 R2 Four Basic Components of a Refrigeration System
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 R2 Four Basic Components of a Refrigeration System #2 Compressors © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

2 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Compressor Functions Pumps refrigerant vapor The “heart” of the system Increases refrigerant pressure Raises suction pressure to discharge pressure Increases refrigerant temperature Raises suction temperature above ambient temperature High temperature vapor can be cooled by ambient Vapor is condensed into liquid for metering device © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

3 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
Compressor Functions 5/28/2018 “Heart of the system” Increases pressure 69 psig 278 psig Increases temperature 60º 125º So ambient seems cool Pumps Refrigerant To condense vapor Providing liquid to metering device CONDENSER AMBIENT AIR 95o © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

4 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Types of compressors Scroll Centrifugal Screw Rotary Reciprocating* * Primary focus of this presentation © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

5 Scroll Compressors by Bristol
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Scroll Compressors by Bristol Discharge Gas Suction Courtesy of © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

6 Scroll Compressor by Tecumseh
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 Scroll Compressor by Tecumseh 5/28/2018 Suction Discharge Intermediate Oil Suction in Discharge out © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

7 Carrier Centrifugal Chiller
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Carrier Centrifugal Chiller Carrier Centrifugal Chiller Photo by Mike Day © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

8 Rotary Compressor by Tecumseh
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Discharge out Suction in Rotary Vane © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

9 Reciprocating Compressor
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Reciprocating Compressor Pistons go up & down Crankshaft rotates All NR and 3 hp and larger Copelametic compressors have a positive displacement reversible oil pump to provide lubrication. All new and remanufactured Copelametic compressors use the same Sentronic compatible oil pump regardless of motor horsepower or displacement. The oil pump is mounted on the crankcase end of the compressor and the oil pump drive tang fits into a slot in the end of the crankshaft. The oil pump will pump oil and develop pressure regardless of the direction of rotation. Remember, an oil pump will pump a volume. To create a pressure, the oil pump must pump against a restriction. Rod and bearing clearances are the restriction. Oil picked up in the crankcase passes through an oil screen (50 mesh), through a drilled passageway in the body, and through a drilled passageway in the housing cover to reach the inlet to the oil pump. The oil pump discharges the oil through another passageway in the housing cover to the housing cover bearing. There is a groove on the inside of the housing cover bearing that is fed oil by a hole that lines up with this passageway. At the same time that oil is flowing over all the internal surface of the bearing to lubricate the crankshaft, this groove will also feed oil to drilled passages in the crankshaft to lubricate the rods and other bearings. © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

10 Lubrication of crankshaft and rods
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Lubrication of crankshaft and rods Crankshaft: Hollow center for oil supply Holes in shaft lubricate bearing surfaces Connecting rods: Connect the crankshaft to the piston © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

11 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Crankshaft, Connecting Rods, and Pistons Crankshaft oiling Piston Connecting Rod OIL Crankshaft © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

12 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Hermetic compressor Hermetic - ancient Greek word for “secret”, airtight container. Welded into a steel shell Internal springs Suction cooled motor © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

13 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
Hermetic Compressor R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Suction Cooled Suction Vapor Discharge Hot Gas Motor Welded Shell “Hermetically Sealed” Spring mounted Pistons & Valves Crankshaft © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

14 Semi-hermetic compressors
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Semi-hermetic compressors Cast iron shell is bolted together, not welded Some service repairs on job: Valve plates and oil changes Can be rebuilt by factory Air cooled, suction cooled, and water cooled Lubrication by splash or pump External spring mounted © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

15 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Water & Air Cooled IN Air OUT KW Series Water Cooled KA Series Air Cooled An air cooled compressor can be identified by either its model number or by features of construction. The model number will have an ‘A’ as the second digit when it is air cooled. The compressor can be converted to water cooled on all except the ‘L’ models by wrapping water tubing between the ribs of the motor end of the casting. In this case, the second digit should be changed to a ‘W’. You can also identify the compressor by noticing that the suction service valve is on the side of the cylinders on air cooled type construction. © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

16 Suction Cooled compressors
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Suction Cooled compressors Suction service valve on end of compressor Vapor passes over motor, cooling it. © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

17 Suction cooled compressor
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Suction cooled compressor A refrigerant cooled compressor can be identified by either its model number or by features of construction. If the second digit of the number is ‘R’, ‘D’, or ‘T’ then the motor is being cooled by the refrigerant (suction) vapor. Refrigerant cooled Copelametic compressors can also be identified by the location of the suction service valve. On all refrigerant cooled Copelametic compressors, the suction service valve is mounted on the stator (motor) end of the compressor instead of the side of the compressor (cylinder end). ER/3R models have the suction service valve mounted on the top of the stator (motor) end. All other refrigerant cooled Copelametic compressor models have the suction service valve mounted on the stator cover. © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

18 Suction Cooled Compressor
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Suction Vapor On all refrigerant cooled compressors, the suction service valve is located on the motor compartment of the compressor. On ER and 3R models, the suction service valve is located on the top of the motor compartment. All other refrigerant cooled Copelametic compressors have the suction service valve located on the stator cover. Let’s look at the refrigerant flow path. The refrigerant vapor and the entrained oil enters the compressor through the suction service valve, passes through the suction screen as it enters the motor compartment. In the motor compartment, which acts as an expansion chamber, the refrigerant vapor’s velocity is decreased. Due to lower velocity, the entrained oil separates, collects in the bottom of the motor compartment, and returns to the crankcase through the oil check valve. The refrigerant vapor goes through the motor air gap and through slots that are cast in the body around the circumference of the motor compartment. The refrigerant vapor leaves the motor compartment through a passage cast into the compressor body. © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

19 Basic Components of a Semi-hermetic Compressor
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Basic Components of a Semi-hermetic Compressor Electrical: Motor, overload, and terminals Mechanical: Crankshaft, pistons, valves, and head © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

20 Copelametic® Semi-Hermetic Compressor
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Copelametic® Semi-Hermetic Compressor Overload Head Motor Terminals Valve Plate Piston Motor: Rotor and Stator Crankshaft © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

21 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Lubrication Lubrication!!! There MUST be an oil film on every load bearing surface!!!! © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

22 Compressor Lubrication
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Compressor Lubrication To Cylinders To Bearings FromOil Pump While the air cooled compressors were originally designed for lower pressure refrigerants such as CFC-12, today we are applying many models with the higher pressure refrigerants such as CFC-502 and CFC-22. In many of these applications the gravity splash lubrication system does not provide adequate lubrication to support the loads on the bearings. As a result, a low pressure positive displacement vane type oil pump has been applied and the compressor can be identified by the fourth digit in the model number. If this digit was previously a ‘1’, it is now an ‘A’. If it was a ‘2’, it is now a ‘B’. The original housing cover has been replaced by a bearing cover that incorporates the oil pump. A dip tube picks up oil directly from the crankcase and pumps in the reverse direction down the crankshaft than the flinger type; from the compressor end to the motor end. The pump provides approximately 3 to 5 PSI oil pressure above crankcase pressure. This pressurized oil can withstand much higher bearing loads without being crushed and allowing scoring or seizure of the bearing. There is no provision for measuring oil pressure or installing an oil safety control. Because the oil pump is integral with the housing cover, it is not field replaceable. Back to Crankcase Oil Level Sight Glass © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

23 Lubrication Without a Pump
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Lubrication Without a Pump “Flinger” is attached to crankshaft “Flings” oil from sump to cup Oil travels down hollow crankshaft Centrifugal force pushes oil onto bearings © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

24 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Oil Flinger The air cooled compressor in most cases is lubricated by a flinger/gravity splash type oil system. The crankcase and motor compartment are open to each other so that oil can flow from the crankcase to the motor end. There is a flinger attached to the rotor of the motor which will splash the oil up into a cup on the stator cover. Since the motor is running at a nominal 1750 rpm, the cup will be adequately filled as long as the oil level is high enough and the compressor is level. © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

25 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Proper level of oil Crankcase must have enough oil Level of oil in sight glass must be visible Too high: Can’t see top of oil Too low: Can’t see any oil Good: Anywhere in sight glass © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

26 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
Oil Sight Glass 5/28/2018 Compressors equipped with an oil sight glass will allow regular inspection of the oil level during various system loading. The oil level should be “in the glass”. This means under periods of low load the oil level should not fall below the bottom of the glass. Under periods of higher loads the level should not rise above the glass. When dealing with welded compressors that usually do not have sight glasses, remember excessive noise, vibration, and amperage are all indicators of the possibility of a high oil level. © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

27 Compressor Operation: Intake stroke
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Compressor Operation: Intake stroke Piston drops Lowers pressure in cylinder Pulls intake valve open Vapor is sucked into cylinder © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

28 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
Suction vapor “sucked” into compressor 5/28/2018 Valve opens Piston Downstroke Piston Downstroke © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

29 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 End of Intake Stroke Piston at bottom Cylinder pressures equalize Intake valve closes © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

30 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Valve closes Pressure equalized Piston at bottom As the piston nears the bottom of its stroke, the pressure difference in the cylinder will not be low enough to keep the suction reed down and it will close the suction port. Thus we should recognize that the suction port is open for only a portion of the suction stroke of the piston. Piston at bottom © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

31 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Compression Stroke Piston rises Increases pressure in cylinder Rising to discharge pressure Discharge valve opens © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

32 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Pressure increased Piston rises As the piston goes back up the cylinder, it will compress the vapor until it is higher than the pressure in the high side of the head by enough to overcome the discharge reed spring force. This will open the discharge reed and let the refrigerant vapor flow to the high pressure side of the head. As the piston approaches the top of the stroke, the discharge reed will close. We see that the discharge reed is only open for a small portion of the compression stroke. Compression Stroke © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

33 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Discharge to Condenser Valve opens Vapor fully compressed Piston at Top But all of the refrigerant vapor will not be discharged out of the cylinder. This is due to clearance volume and discharge port volume. Clearance volume is the space between the piston at the top of its stroke and the bottom of the valve plate. While this space is necessary to prevent the piston from hitting the valve plate, it can be minimized by machining the piston tops to fit inside or around the suction reeds. The proper selection of the valve plate to body gasket, as thin as practical, will also reduce clearance volume. But the discharge ports hold the largest volume of vapor that is not discharged. Since the discharge reeds are on top of the valve plate, the thickness of the valve plate, the diameter of the discharge ports, and the number of discharge ports determine this discharge port volume. At the end of the compression stroke, the clearance volume and discharge port volume is filled with vapor that theoretically is slightly higher than high side pressure. Top of Stroke © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

34 Compressor Operation: Compression Stroke
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Compressor Operation: Compression Stroke Piston at top Cylinder pressures equalize Discharge valve closes Small amount of discharge gas remains (This is called “clearance volume”) © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

35 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Clearance volume Valve closes Hot gas re-expands Suction valve can now open Start Downstroke At the beginning of the suction stroke, this high pressure vapor must re-expand until the pressure in the cylinders is low enough to open the suction reeds. The higher the head pressure and the lower the suction pressure, the more of the suction stroke is taken up by this re-expansion. This means the suction valve is open for a shorter period of time and less refrigerant vapor is allowed to enter the cylinders. Also, the lower the suction pressure, the less dense the refrigerant and the fewer pounds of vapor that are available to enter the cylinders when the valve is open. Start Downstroke © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

36 Compressor Operation: Downward Stroke
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Compressor Operation: Downward Stroke Piston drops Gas in clearance volume re-expands Cylinder pressure drops Note, reciprocating compressor inefficiency: Compressor energy is wasted during re-expansion © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

37 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Valve closes Compression stroke starts next cycle Piston at Bottom, Cycle Complete Cycle is done © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

38 Complete Compressor Cycle
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Complete Compressor Cycle Each cycle: Suction And re-expansion Compression And discharge Following are 3 continuous cycles: © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

39 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Complete Cycle © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

40 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Complete Cycle © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

41 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Complete Cycle Cycle Complete © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

42 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Valve Plates and Heads The following slide shows: Valve plate and head removed Suction reed valve and pistons © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

43 “Air Cooled” Compressor
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 “Air Cooled” Compressor 5/28/2018 Suction Reed Valve over compressor Air flow Piston The suction valves fit on pins in the deck and are held in place by the clamping of the valve plate to the deck when the head bolts are properly tightened. (The suction reed stops, machined in the deck, limit the opening of the reeds.) Note some other things that are shown in this picture. There are crimp pads under the clamped end of the suction reeds. This will make up for the difference between the thickness of the suction reed and the thickness of the valve plate to body gasket. There are also slots machined in the top of the pistons to allow them to fit up around the suction reeds. This minimizes the clearance volume for better efficiency. You can see the top of the vertical passage way from the SSV which we mentioned earlier is larger than the horizontal passageway. © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

44 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Valve Plates and Heads The following 2 slides show: Top of valve plate showing discharge reeds Bottom of head showing suction and discharge areas. Note: RED is for discharge, BLUE for suction © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

45 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
Compressor Head 5/28/2018 Suction Vapor Discharge Gas To discharge service valve From cylinders The head with its divider will seal a gasket on top of the valve plate. This separates the suction or the low pressure side of the valve plate from the discharge or high pressure side. There are alignment pins that fit into holes in the cylinder deck, valve plate, and head to keep them properly positioned. From suction service valve To cylinders © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

46 Large Compressor Valve Plate
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 Large Compressor Valve Plate 5/28/2018 Reed Discharge Valves (Under Steel Backing Plates) This is a 2 cylinder valve plate used on 4 and 6 cylinder compressors. The gasket shows the separation of the high pressure side and the low pressure side in the cylinder head. The flow of the refrigerant vapor through the ports is just like the flow for the 9R valve plate except the discharge port is located on the end of the valve plate. This location of the discharge port allows for the manifolding of the multiple decks into a single discharge port. Suction Discharge © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

47 Copeland’s Discus® compressor
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Copeland’s Discus® compressor More Efficient: Due to valve design © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

48 Copeland’s Discus® Compressor
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Copeland’s Discus® Compressor This is a picture of a 2D Copelametic Discus compressor. The 2D, as well as the 3D, is a second generation Copelametic Discus compressor. We can see the external changes, but what differentiates the 2D and 3D compressor are internal changes in the refrigerant flow path. © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

49 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Discus® valve design Discharge valve looks like a disc Closer to top of piston Less clearance volume Less re-expansion More efficient © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

50 Copeland Discus® Discharge Valve
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 Copeland Discus® Discharge Valve 5/28/2018 Discharge gas OUT Suction vapor IN The latest type of valve plate is the Discus® valve plate where the volume of the discharge port is entirely eliminated. The Discus® valve plate has tapered discharge ports with a tapered disc that seals at the bottom of the valve plate when the piston is at the top of its stroke. This decrease in re-expansion volume increases the amount of vapor being pumped enough that some Discus® compressors have as much as 25% more capacity than a reed type compressor with the same displacement. Also, notice that the valve plate is hollow with an annular suction port and a ring type suction reed. This will allow more vapor into the cylinders during the short time the suction port is open. Little clearance volume © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

51 Copeland’s Discus® Valve Plate
R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Copeland’s Discus® Valve Plate suction valve is a round reed To service valve Notice that in the Discus® compressor the entire head is high side pressure which allows the cylinders to run cooler. Discharge gas Discharge valve is disc shaped Suction Vapor © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

52 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 Condensing units Package compressor and condenser together Add accessories: Receiver Pressure controls Etc. © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

53 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
Condensing Unit R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1 5/28/2018 Condenser Receiver Compressor © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed

54 R2 Four Basic Components of Refrigeration - Subject 2 Compressors v1.1
5/28/2018 The End of Compressors © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R2 Subject 2 Compressors v1.2 © 2004 Refrigeration Training Services No reproduction or unauthorized use allowed


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