1. Muscle and Nervous Tissue
Pages

2. Muscle Tissue Function: Three types:
contract (shorten) to produce movement
Three types:
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
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3. Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Voluntary (conscious) control
Attach to bones or skin
Produce:
gross body movements
facial expressions
Cell Characteristics:
Striations (stripes)
Multinucleate (more than one nucleus)
Long, cylindrical shape
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4. (a) Diagram: Skeletal muscle Photomicrograph: Skeletal muscle (195×)
Figure 3.20a Type of muscle tissue and their common locations in the body.
Nuclei
Part of muscle fiber
(a) Diagram: Skeletal muscle
Photomicrograph: Skeletal muscle (195×)

5. Cardiac Muscle Tissue Involuntary control only in the heart
Pumps blood through blood vessels
Characteristics of cardiac muscle cells
Striations
One nucleus, short, branching cells
Look somewhat like bamboo
Intercalated discs:
Areas between cells which contain gap junctions to connect cells together so that the impulse spreads across the heart synchronously
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6. (b) Diagram: Cardiac muscle Photomicrograph: Cardiac muscle (475×)
Figure 3.20b Type of muscle tissue and their common locations in the body.
Intercalated discs
Nucleus
(b) Diagram: Cardiac muscle
Photomicrograph: Cardiac muscle (475×)

7. Compare the two- note the differences
Skeletal
Cardiac

8. Smooth Muscle Tissue Involuntary control Characteristics:
Location: where constricting and enlarging is required
walls of hollow organs
Peristalsis: a wavelike activity that moves digested material through the small intestine
blood vessels
Characteristics:
No visible striations
Single nucleus
Spindle-shaped cells
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9. (c) Diagram: Smooth muscle
Figure 3.20c Type of muscle tissue and their common locations in the body.
Smooth muscle cell
Nuclei
(c) Diagram: Smooth muscle
Photomicrograph: Sheet of smooth muscle (285×)

10. Nervous Tissue Two groups of cells:
Neurons
Neuroglia (glial cells)
these insulate, protect, and support neurons
Function: receive and conduct electrochemical impulses to and from body parts
Irritability
Conductivity
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11. Figure 7.4a Structure of a typical motor neuron.
Dendrite
Mitochondrion
Cell body
Axon
Nucleus
One Schwann cell
Node of Ranvier
Axon terminal
Schwann cells, forming the myelin sheath on axon
(a)

12. Nuclei of supporting cells Spinal cord
Figure 3.21 Nervous tissue.
Brain
Nuclei of supporting cells
Spinal cord
Nuclei of supporting cells
Cell body of neuron
Cell body of neuron
Neuron processes
Neuron processes
Diagram: Nervous tissue
Photomicrograph: Neurons (320×)

13. Support Cells: Neuroglia
Astrocytes
Brace/anchor neurons, provide chemical barrier
Most abundant glial cells
Microglia
Destroy threatening particles/cells; phagocytes
Ependymal cells
Line ventricles and central canal; cilia circulate CSF
Oligodendrocytes
Produce myelin sheath around axons (in the CNS)
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14. Support Cells: PNS glial cells
Satellite cells
Protect neuron cell bodies
Schwann cells
Form myelin sheath around axons (in the PNS)
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