1. Parenthetical Elements
What are they?
How do they work?
, ,
( )
, ,
( )

2. Parenthetical Elements
Sentence Interrupter
Removable
Surrounded by parentheses, commas, or dashes
Without it, you still have a good sentence.

3. POINTS to REMEMBER! The appositive renames the noun.
The appositive follows the noun.

4. EXAMPLES

5. John Kennedy was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches.
POINTS to REMEMBER!
If you remove the appositive, you still have a complete sentence left.
John Kennedy was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches.

6. Appositive phrases: Mr. Jones, my English teacher, is a bibliophile.
. Ellie’s younger sister (a fan of all the Disney stories) reads every chance she can get.
Mr. Jones, my English teacher, is
a bibliophile.
Books inspire readers -- from the very young to the very old -- because they are a great escape.

7. She is a fan of all Disney stories.
Appositive phrases:
Ellie’s younger sister reads every chance she gets.
She is a fan of all Disney stories.
a fan of all Disney stories
Ellie’s younger sister reads every chance she gets.

8. Appositive phrases: Ellie’s younger sister a fan of all Disney stories
reads every chance she gets.
Ellie’s younger sister a fan of all Disney stories reads every chance she gets. ( )

9. Appositive phrases: Mr. Jones is a bibliophile.
He is my English teacher.
my English teacher
Mr. Jones is a bibliophile.

10. Appositive phrases: Mr. Jones my English teacher is a bibliophile., ,

11. Appositive phrases: Books inspire readers and are a great escape.
Readers can be both young and old.
both young and old
Books inspire readers and are a great escape.

12. Books inspire readers both young and old and are a great escape.
Appositive phrases:
Books inspire readers
both young and old
and are a great escape.
Books inspire readers both young and old and are a great escape. -- --

13. Illinois became the 21st state on December 3, 1818.
Illinois (the birthplace of Abraham Lincoln) became the 21st state on December 3, 1818.
Omit the phrase that describes Illinois and you still have a good sentence:
Illinois became the 21st state on December 3, 1818.

14. April, the first month of spring, is the prettiest time of the year.
Omit the phrase that describes April and you still have a good sentence:
April is the prettiest time of the year.

15. October--on the other hand-- starts getting too cold.
Omit the phrase that describes October and you still have a good sentence:
October starts getting too cold.

16. Parenthetical words and phrases can be placed between parentheses.
Jenny knows what coffee I like. ( )
Jenny
the manager of Starbucks
knows what coffee I like.
Parenthetical words and phrases can be placed between parentheses.

17. Parenthetical words and phrases can also be placed between commas.
Jenny knows what coffee I like. , ,
Jenny
the manager of Starbucks
knows what coffee I like.
Parenthetical words and phrases can also be placed between commas.

18. Parenthetical words and phrases can also be placed between dashes.
Jenny knows what coffee I like. -- --
Jenny
the manager of Starbucks
knows what coffee I like.
Parenthetical words and phrases can also be placed between dashes.

19. Mrs. Schmidt (
your English teacher )
would like to thank you --
the Class of 2013 --
for coming
today
April , ,

20. The
End