1. Royal Connections between the A-Group and Predynastic Egypt?
Kathryn Howley

2. Williams vs. Adams “If you can’t say anything nice, don’t say anything at all”

4. Siali seal
Gebel Sheikh Suleiman monument

6. Sayala- Cemetery 137

8. Egyptian Elements in A-Group Culture
Dakka-Sayala plain: 50% Upper Egyptian material
Cemetery 17, Khor Bahan: 14 mace heads, 23 Egyptian palettes, 8 Nubian palettes
Afyah: habitation site in Korosko bend

9. A-Group Elements in Egyptian Culture
Early A-Group pottery at Naqada, el-Adaima, el-Mamariya, Hierakonpolis, Elkab, Minshat Abu Omar
First cataract sites

10. A-Group Links Further South (and North)
Rippled ware
Wooden burial beds
Animal burials
Levantine objects at Qustul

11. Questions and Conclusions
Structure of political organization?
Dating
Egyptian kingship iconography does not equal Egyptian kingship.
Trade links?
Emulation?

12. Bibliography (in addition to syllabus)
Gatto, Maria Carmela “The most ancient evidence of the “A-Groups” culture in Lower Nubia”, Studies in African Archaeology 7, Poznan Archaeological Museum:
Gatto, Maria Carmela “Ceramic Traditions and Cultural Territories: the “Nubian Group” in Prehistory”, Sudan and Nubia 6: 8-19
Gatto, Maria Carmela “The Nubian A-Group: A Reassessment”, Archeo-Nil 16: 61-76
Gatto, Maria Carmela “The Early A-Group in Upper Lower Nubia, Upper Egypt and the Surrounding Deserts”, Studies in African Archaeology 9, Poznan Archaeological Museum:
Gatto, Maria Carmela “ Egypt and Nubia in the 5th–4th millennia BCE: A view from the First Cataract and its surroundings”, BMSAES 13:
Gatto, Maria Carmela “The Nubian Pastoral Culture as link between Egypt and Africa: a view from the archaeological record” in Egypt in its African Context, ed. Exell
Wengrow, David “The Evolution of Simplicity: Naqada III”, ch. 8 in The Archaeology of Early Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Wilkinson, Toby Early Dynastic Egypt. New York: Routledge
Willliams, Bruce “The Lost Pharaohs of Nubia”, Archaeology Magazine, vol. 33 no. 5
Williams, Bruce The A-Group Royal Cemetery at Qustul: Cemetery L, Chicago: Oriental Institute
Williams, Bruce “The Metropolitan Museum Knife Handle and Aspects of Pharaonic Imagery before Narmer”, JNES 46: