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PowerPoint Lecture Outlines to accompany
Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Eleventh Edition Shier w Butler w Lewis Chapter 15 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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Chapter 15 Cardiovascular System
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Size of Heart Average Size of Heart 14 cm long 9 cm wide
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Location of Heart posterior to sternum medial to lungs
anterior to vertebral column base lies beneath 2nd rib apex at 5th intercostal space lies upon diaphragm
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Blood Vessels arteries carry blood away from ventricles of heart
arterioles receive blood from arteries carry blood to capillaries capillaries sites of exchange of substances between blood and body cells venules receive blood from capillaries veins carry blood toward ventricle of heart
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Coverings of Heart
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Know the layer and the function for test.
Wall of the Heart Know the layer and the function for test.
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Wall of the Heart
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Heart Chambers Right Atrium receives blood from Left Atrium
inferior vena cava superior vena cava coronary sinus Left Atrium receives blood from pulmonary veins Right Ventricle receives blood from right atrium Left Ventricle receives blood from left atrium
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Know the valve and the function for the test.
Heart Valves Know the valve and the function for the test.
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For test, be able to label the part of the heart and show the flow of blood. Distinguish between oxygenated and deoxygenated.
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Aorta Superior Vena Cava Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Veins Right Atrium Tricuspid Valve Right Ventricle Inferior Vena Cava Left Atrium Mitral Valve Aortic Valve Left Ventricle
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Sheep Heart Dissection
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Coronal Sections of Heart
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Heart Valves Tricuspid Valve Pulmonary and Aortic Valve
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Skeleton of Heart fibrous rings to which the heart valves are attached
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Path of Blood Through the Heart
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Path of Blood Through the Heart
For test, know order of blood flow through the heart.
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Blood Supply to Heart
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Angiogram of Coronary Arteries
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Heart Actions Atrial Diastole/Ventricular Systole
Atrial Systole/Ventricular Diastole Atrial Diastole/Ventricular Systole
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Cardiac Cycle Atrial Systole/Ventricular Diastole
blood flows passively into ventricles remaining 30% of blood pushed into ventricles A-V valves open/semilunar valves close ventricles relaxed ventricular pressure increases
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Cardiac Cycle Ventricular Systole/Atrial diastole
A-V valves close chordae tendinae prevent cusps of valves from bulging too far into atria atria relaxed blood flows into atria ventricular pressure increases and opens semilunar valves blood flows into pulmonary trunk and aorta
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Heart Sounds Lubb first heart sound occurs during ventricular systole
A-V valves closing Dupp second heart sound occurs during ventricular diastole pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves closing Murmur – abnormal heart sound
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Heart Sounds
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Cardiac Conduction System
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Cardiac Conduction System
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Muscle Fibers in Ventricular Walls
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Electrocardiogram recording of electrical changes that occur in the myocardium used to assess heart’s ability to conduct impulses P wave – atrial depolarization QRS wave – ventricular depolarization T wave – ventricular repolarization
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Electrocardiogram
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Electrocardiogram A prolonged QRS complex may result from damage to the A-V bundle fibers
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Clinical Application Arrhythmias Ventricular fibrillation Tachycardia
rapid, uncoordinated depolarization of ventricles Tachycardia rapid heartbeat Atrial flutter rapid rate of atrial depolarization
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Cardiac Cycle
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Regulation of Cardiac Cycle
Autonomic nerve impulses alter the activities of the S-A and A-V nodes Pacemakers
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Regulation of Cardiac Cycle
Additional Factors that Influence HR physical exercise body temperature concentration of various ions potassium calcium parasympathetic impulses decrease heart action sympathetic impulses increase heart action cardiac center regulates autonomic impulses to the heart
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Capillary Network
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Arterial Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure – force the blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels Arterial Blood Pressure rises when ventricles contract falls when ventricles relax systolic pressure – maximum pressure diastolic pressure – minimum pressure
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Pulse alternate expanding and recoiling of the arterial wall that can be felt
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Major Vessels of the Venous System
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Life-Span Changes cholesterol deposition in blood vessels
heart enlargement death of cardiac muscle cells increase in fibrous connective tissue of the heart increase in adipose tissue of the heart increase in blood pressure decrease in resting heart rate
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Open Heart Surgert Angioplasty and Stent Surgery
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