1. 23.1: The French Revolution Begins
BW: Which idea from the Age of Enlightenment do you personally believe to be most sacred?
Homework: Guided Reading Ch 23.1

2. 10.2: ENLIGHTENMENT, REVOLUTION, AND NATIONALISM: The Enlightenment called into question traditional beliefs and inspired widespread political, economic, and social change. This intellectual movement was used to challenge political authorities in Europe and colonial rule in the Americas. These ideals inspired political and social movements.

5. I. The Three Estates First Estate
Catholic clergy  10% of land, few taxes
provide some ed. and relief to poor
B. Second Estate
rich nobles (2% of pop.)  20% of land, NO taxes
*** The First and Second Estates were against the Enlightenment ideas—threat to their status***

6. C. Third Estate (97 % of pop.)
few privileges and heavy taxes  want change
made up of three groups:
- Bourgeoisie—Middle Class—well-off merchants and skilled workers  lacked status of nobles
- City Workers—(cooks, servants, and others) poorly paid and often out of work
- Peasants —largest group—farm workers  more than 80% of pop.
- angry  few rights
- paid ~ half of income in taxes

7. II. Forces of Change Enlightenment Ideas
spread idea of natural rights (everyone equal, etc.)
most attractive to Bourgeoisie  more educated
B. Economic Troubles
failing economy
high taxes  low profits
short food supply

8. C. Weak Leader
King Louis XVI and wife Marie Antoinette  big spenders
- double national debt
- banks refuse to lend more $$$
calls for Estates-General—meeting of reps from all 3 estates to decide tax issue
3rd Estate wanted change
- called for voting by head (each delegate gets a vote  king and other estates did not agree)
- past: vote by order = each estate has one vote (1st and 2nd always voted together; 3rd estate lost)

11. III. Dawn of the Revolution
The National Assembly
3rd Estate broke from others
set up National Assembly—new representative gov’t to make reforms
Tennis Court Oath—delegates decide to write new constitution for France

12. B. Storming the Bastille
Louis tried to make peace
- ordered 1st and 2nd estate to join Nat’l Assembly
Rumors of planned attack on citizens by Louis to suppress Nat’l Assembly
July 14, 1789: mob attacks and captures Bastille (Paris prison)
-wanted gunpowder