1. Adjectives and adverbs
Adjectives modify nouns.
A beautiful day
An interesting idea
Adverbs modify verbs by telling us how we do something.
She works quietly.
They write clearly.
Many adverbs are formed by adding ly to the adjective.
easy - easily careful – carefully nice - nicely
A few words, like fast, hard, late and low, take the same form as both adjectives and adverbs.
It was a late movie.
I stayed out late.
She had a hard time.
She studied hard.

2. Forming adverbs from adjectives
Many adverbs are formed by simply adding –ly to an adjective:
Adjective
Adverb
beautiful
beautifully
careless
carelessly
cautious
cautiously
courteous
courteously
joyous
joyously
quick
quickly

3. Forming adverbs from adjectives
If an adjective ends in –y if often changed to i before the –ly is added:
Adjective
Adverb
angry
angrily
easy
easily
guilty
guiltily
happy
happily
hasty
hastily
shabby
shabbily

4. Forming adverbs from adjectives
If an adjective ends in –le, the –le is dropped before –ly is added:
Adjective
Adverb
capable
capably
comfortable
comfortably
miserable
miserably
simple
simply

5. Rules In general: adjective + -ly adjective example slow slowly
Exceptions in spelling
exception
Silent ‘e’ is dropped in true, due, whole
true → truly
y becomes i
happy → happily
le after a consonant is dropped
sensible → sensibly
After ll only add y
full → fully

6. Rules
Adjectives ending in –ic: adjective + -ally (exception: public- publicy)
adjective
adverb
fantastic
fantastically
Adjectives ending in –ly: use ‘in a … way / manner’ or another adverb with similar meaning
friendly
in a friendly way
in a friendly manner
likely
probably

7. Exceptions Adjective Adverb (meaning) good well difficult
with difficulty
public
publicy
deep
deep (place)
deeply (feeling)
direct
directly (=soon)
hard
hardly (=seldom)
high
high (place)
highly (figurative)
late
lately (=recently)
most
mostly (=usually)
near
nearly (=almost)
pretty
pretty (=rather)
prettily
short
shortly (=soon)
The following adjectives are also used as adverbs (without moficication)
daily, enough, nearly, far, fast, hourly, little, long, low, monthly, much, straight, weekly, yearly …

8. ACTIVITY I Read the sentences carefully and apply the rules.
Paula is a patient teacher. She listens ____.
Santa Claus is merry. He laughs______.
Lucas is rapid. He answered the test _____.
Ben is organized and quick. He ____ finished the task.
Gladys has clear pronunciation. She talks _____.
The Senator is well- liked. People talk of him. ( high)
Barbara dances____. ( graceful).
My boss greeted the visitors _____. (polite)
This has to be done ___ ( regular).
She _______ showed us her trophy. ( happy).
He is a good coordinator. He does it _______.
The child ____ took the toys. ( relentless)
The organization ___ prepared its activity. ( excited)
The members ____ welcomed the tourists. ( kindly)
The Boy Scouts ____ completed the kite. (enthusiastic).

9. ACTIVITY II Write the correct form in the blank.
Jack plays the piano ________. (beautiful)
Mrs. Cordero speaks very ____. (soft)
Mara won the race _____. ( easy)
I see him at the Casino ____. (frequent)
5. She acted ____. ( greedy)
That cave is dangerous. Walk ____ (cautious).
He stole the cookies. He acted____ (guilty).
She was late. She drove ____ ( hasty).
They were poor. They dressed ___ (shabby).
Someone ____ killed the dog. ( miserable)

10. ACTIVITY III Read the sentences and complete them:
Andrea answered the questions_____.(honest)
John walked to the store very ___. ( slow)
_______, my sister ruined my dress. (thoughtless)
___ the rangers approached the bear. (cautious)
Paul ___ answered the interview. ( foolish)
The new secretary works ___. (careless)
Joe ____ gave a donation. ( generous)
The feverish man ____ watched his girlfriend. ( jealous)
Mary apologized ____. ( sincere)
The dog ____ hid the bone. ( playful)

11. Activity IV. Read the corresponding words and change them to adverbs taking the rules into consideration. 1.
brave 2.
competent 3.
good 4.
bitter 5.
angry 6.
easy 7.
happy 8.
simple 9.
capable
10.
comfortable
11.
hasty
12.
nice
13.
clean
14.
dirty
15.
rapid

12. CHALLENGE
Demonstrate that you can change these adjectives to adverbs. Remember the rules.
angry
happy
heavy
noisy
steady
clumsy
cheek

13. Part II. Let’s continue with the challenge
Part II. Let’s continue with the challenge. Read and choose the best alternative.
1. If you always drive ___ you are sure to have an accident.
a. recklessly b. reckless
2. Pablo ate his dinner ___.
a. quick b. quickly
3. He’ s an awful driver. He never stops ______.
a. smoothly b. smooth
4. This case ‘s evidence has been___affected.
a. serious b. seriously
5. Mr. Mom and Mrs. Mom squealed at each other ___.
a. furious b. furiously

14. Activity Activity 1 patiently merrily rapidly quickly clearly highly
gracefully
politely
regularly
happily
well
relentlessly
exitedly
kindly
enthusiastically
Activity 2
beautifully
softly
easily
frequently
greedily
cautiously
guiltily
hastily
stabbily
misarebly

15. Activity Activity 3 honestly slowly thoughtlessly cautiously foolishly
carelessly
generously
jealously
sincerely
playfully
Activity 4
bravely
competently
well
bitterly
angrily
easily
happily
simply
capably
comfortably

16. Challenge Part I angrily Part II a happily b heavily noisily steadlily
clumsily
checkily
Part II a b