1. Catalyst: Given, Un Known , equation &Solution must be shown.
Tuesday November 29,2016
Note – Project – The review packet should be completed and turned in on 11/28 (Your final project grade, essential to pass this class)
GPS -
SPS7. Students will relate transformations and flow of energy within a system.
a. Identify energy transformations within a system (e.g. lighting of a match).
b. Investigate molecular motion as it relates to thermal energy changes in terms of conduction, convection, and radiation.
c. Determine the heat capacity of a substance using mass, specific heat, and temperature.
Catalyst: Given, Un Known , equation &Solution must be shown.
What is the current if the voltage is 18 volts and resistance is 7 ohms?
Learning targets,
Our goal is 80%
I can Identify energy transformations within a system
I can differentiate between conduction, convection and radiation
I can calculate for potential and kinetic energy
I can differentiate the various forms of energy
I can relate energy and work
I can relate determine the heat capacity of a substance
I can explain the difference in mass and weight
And answer a question like this:
Topic: Electricity
Essential Question:
How is current, voltage and resistance related?
Identify the different types of energy transformation in each cases
a)Windmill b) Flash light 3)microwave

2. Agenda - Milestones Domain/Weight: Atomic and Nuclear Theory and the Periodic Table 25%
Catalyst
10 min
Intro-reading a solubility chart
30 min
Tasty solution - Lab
30 min.
Video - conclusion
10min

3. Ch. 18 - Waves & Sound I. Characteristics of Waves Waves
Transverse waves
Longitudinal waves
Measuring waves

4. A. Waves
Waves
rhythmic disturbances that carry energy through matter or space
Medium
material through which a wave transfers energy
solid, liquid, gas, or combination
electromagnetic waves don’t need a medium (e.g. visible light)

5. B. Waves & Energy Waves Energy Carry energy Waves carry energy
Waves are caused by vibrations
Can do work
Move objects
Energy
Waves carry energy
Vibration is a transfer of energy
As waves carry energy the particles in the medium move
the direction of the motion determines the type of wave

6. Electromagnetic Waves
C. Categories of Waves
Mechanical Waves
Must travel through a medium
Cannot travel through a vacuum
Examples: sound, ocean waves
Electromagnetic Waves
Does not require a medium
Can be transferred through a vacuum
Examples: light, UV rays, Visible light

7. D. Types of Waves
Two Types:
Longitudinal Transverse

8. D. Transverse Waves Transverse Waves
medium vibrates perpendicular to the direction of wave motion
Examples: water waves, electromagnetic waves

9. corresponds to the amount of energy carried by the wave
B. Transverse Waves
Wave Anatomy
corresponds to the amount of energy carried by the wave
crests
wavelength
amplitude
nodes
troughs

10. E. Longitudinal Waves Longitudinal Waves (a.k.a. compressional waves)
medium moves in the same direction as the wave’s motion
Examples: sound waves, springs, slinky

11. E. Longitudinal Waves Wave Anatomy compression wavelength rarefaction
Amount of compression corresponds to amount of energy  AMPLITUDE

12. F. Measuring Waves Frequency ( f )
# of waves passing a point in 1 second
SI unit: Hertz (Hz)
1 second
shorter wavelength  higher frequency  higher energy

13. Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz).
F. Measuring Waves 1
Frequency = period ( ) or
period = the amount of time for one
cycle to do a complete motion
Cycle
second
Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz).
1Hz = 1 wave per second

14. v =  × f F. Measuring Waves Velocity ( v )
speed of a wave as it moves forward
depends on wave type and medium
v =  × f
v: velocity (m/s)
: wavelength (m)
f: frequency (Hz)

15. F. Measuring Waves Solid Liquid
Molecules are close together so waves travel very quickly.
Molecules are farther apart but can slide past one another so waves do not travel as fast.
Gas
Insert movie clips
Molecules are very far apart so a molecule has to travel far before it hits another molecule, so waves travel slowest in gases.

16. F. Measuring Waves f v  GIVEN: WORK: v = ? v =  × f
EX: Find the velocity of a wave in a wave pool if its wavelength is 3.2 m and its frequency is 0.60 Hz.
GIVEN:
v = ?
 = 3.2 m
f = 0.60 Hz
WORK:
v =  × f
v = (3.2 m)(0.60 Hz)
v = 1.92 m/s  v f

17. F. Measuring Waves f v  GIVEN: WORK:  = 417 m f = v ÷ 
EX: An earthquake produces a wave that has a wavelength of 417 m and travels at 5000 m/s. What is its frequency?
GIVEN:
 = 417 m
v = 5000 m/s
f = ?
WORK:
f = v ÷ 
f = (5000 m/s) ÷ (417 m)
f = 12 Hz  v f

18. Ch. 17 – Waves II. Wave Behavior Doppler effect Reflection Refraction
Diffraction
Interference
Constructive Interference
Destructive Interference
Doppler effect

19. A. Wave Interactions Wave Interaction
When a wave meets an object or another wave.
When a wave passes into another medium
Examples: reflection, diffraction, refraction, interference, resonance

20. A. Reflection Reflection when a wave strikes an object and bounces off
Normal
Reflection
when a wave strikes an object and bounces off
incident beam
reflected beam

21. A. Reflection
When a wave bounces off a surface that is cannot pass through

22. B. Refraction Refraction
bending of waves when passing from one medium to another
caused by a change in speed
slower (more dense)  light bends toward the normal
SLOWER
FASTER
faster (less dense)  light bends away from the normal

23. B. Refraction
The bending of a wave as it enters a new medium at an angle.

24. B. Refraction Refraction depends on… speed of light in the medium
wavelength of the light - shorter wavelengths (blue) bend more

25. B. Refraction
Example:
View explanation.

26. C. Diffraction
The bending of a wave as it moves around an obstacle or passes through a narrow opening.

27. C. Diffraction Diffraction bending of waves around a barrier
longer wavelengths (red) bend more - opposite of refraction

28. D. Interference
The interaction of two or more waves that combine in a region of overlap

29. D. Interference Two types of Interference
constructive  brighter light
destructive  dimmer light

30. E/F. Constructive & Destructive Interference
Both are caused by two or more waves interacting, but…
Constructive interference combines the energies of the two waves into a greater amplitude
Destructive interference reduces the energies of the two waves into a smaller amplitude.

31. G. Doppler Effect
A change in wave frequency caused by movement of sound source, motion of the listener, or both.

32. Ch. 18 - Waves & Sound III. The Nature of Sound Speed of Sound
Human hearing
Doppler effect
Seeing with sound

33. A. Speed of Sound 344 m/s in air at 20°C Depends on: Type of medium
travels better through solids than through liquids
can’t travel through a vacuum
Temperature of medium
travels faster at higher temperatures
Insert a movie clip

34. converted to nerve impulses in cochlea
B. Human Hearing
sound wave
vibrates ear drum
amplified by bones
converted to nerve impulses in cochlea

35. B. Human Hearing Pitch highness or lowness of a sound
depends on frequency of sound wave
human range: ,000 Hz
ultrasonic waves
Insert fat lady singing
subsonic waves

36. B. Human Hearing Intensity volume of sound
depends on energy (amplitude) of sound wave
measured in decibels (dB)

37. B. Human Hearing
DECIBEL SCALE
120
110
100 80 70 40 18 10

38. C. Doppler Effect Doppler Effect
change in wave frequency caused by a moving wave source
moving toward you - pitch sounds higher
moving away from you - pitch sounds lower

39. C. Doppler Effect Stationary source Moving source Supersonic source
waves combine to produce a shock wave called a sonic boom
same frequency in all directions
higher frequency
lower frequency

40. “Sound Navigation Ranging”
D. Seeing with Sound
Ultrasonic waves - above 20,000 Hz
Medical Imaging
SONAR
“Sound Navigation Ranging”

41. IV. Electromagnetic Radiation (p.528-535)
EM Radiation
EM Spectrum
Types of EM Radiation

42. A. Electromagnetic Radiation
transverse waves produced by the motion of electrically charged particles
does not require a medium
speed in a vacuum = 300,000 km/s
electric and magnetic components are perpendicular

43. B. Electromagnetic Spectrum
The full range of light

44. B. Electromagnetic (EM) Spectrum
long 
low f
low energy
short 
high f
high energy

45. C. Types of EM Radiation
Rabbits Meet In Very Unusual Xciting Gardens

46. C. Types of EM Radiation Radio waves Lowest energy EM radiation
FM - frequency modulation
AM - amplitude modulation
Microwaves
penetrate food and vibrate water & fat molecules to produce thermal energy

47. C. Types of EM Radiation Infrared Radiation (IR)
slightly lower energy than visible light
can raise the thermal energy of objects
thermogram - image made by detecting IR radiation

48. C. Types of EM Radiation Visible Light
small part of the spectrum we can see
ROY G. BIV - colors in order of increasing energy R O Y G. B I V
red
orange
yellow
green
blue
indigo
violet

49. C. Types of EM Radiation Ultraviolet Radiation (UV)
slightly higher energy than visible light
Types:
UVA - tanning, wrinkles
UVB - sunburn, cancer
UVC - most harmful, sterilization

50. C. Types of EM Radiation Ultraviolet Radiation (UV)
Ozone layer depletion = UV exposure!

51. C. Types of EM Radiation X rays higher energy than UV
can penetrate soft tissue, but not bones

52. Radiation treatment using radioactive cobalt-60.
C. Types of EM Radiation
Gamma rays
highest energy on the EM spectrum
emitted by radioactive atoms
used to kill cancerous cells
Radiation treatment using radioactive cobalt-60.