4. Plant Kingdom Characteristics: Multi-cellular organisms
Have eukaryotic cells
Cell walls contain cellulose
Carry out photosynthesis with a pigment called chlorophyll & organelles called chloroplasts
Called autotrophs or producers

5. What plants need to survive:
Sunlight
Water & Minerals
Gas Exchange of Carbon Dioxide & Oxygen

6. Photosynthesis CO2 + H20 + Sunlight C6H12O6 + O2
C6H12O6 is also called
Glucose
Carbohydrate
Sugar

7. Plant Cells & Chloroplasts
Q: What other organisms have chloroplasts?

8. Plants are divided into 2 large groups
Plant Kingdom!
Nonvascular
(Bryophyta):
plants without
tubes
Vascular
(Tracheophyta):
plants with
important tubes

9. Nonvascular plants are divided into 2 groups.
Nonvascular - Bryophytes
Moss: lives
in damp places!
Liverwort:
also lives in damp
places!

10. Moss

11. Liverworts

12. T or F. Animals reproduce sexually and plants reproduce asexually.
F. The vast majority of both animals and plants reproduce sexually.

13. Reproductive Parts - Sporophyte= asexual - Gametophyte= sexual
Moss
Liverwort

14. Sperm and eggs produced here.
Alternation of Generations- form of reproduction in moss/liverworts. Both sex and asex needed
Sexual:
The plant makes sperm and eggs. When these fertilize, spore capsule on a stick forms.
Sperm and eggs produced here.

15. Spore Capsule
Asexual: The spores release, drop to the ground, and make new plants.

16. Plants are divided into 2 large groups
Plant Kingdom!
Nonvascular
(Bryophyta):
plants without
tubes
Vascular
(Tracheophyta):
plants with
important tubes
-moss and liverworts

17. Vascular Plants Have tube-like cells called tracheids
Xylem transports water and minerals up
Phloem transport food down
Allows vascular plants to be much larger than nonvascular plants

18. Vascular Plants – 3 groups
Ferns: Reproduce by alternation of generations.
Gymnosperms: Plants with cones. “Naked Seeds”
Angiosperms: Plants with flowers. “Covered Seeds.”

19. Most are small but some grow to 20 ft tall
Ferns

20. Fern leaves drop spores.

21. Close up of Spore capsules
Q: What other organisms reproduce using spores?

22. Spores produce a little leaf.

23. Lives for 2 weeks, and...
produces sperm and egg

24. A new fern
grows!
New ferns are called “fiddleheads”

25. Parts of a fern – matching!
Frond
Stalk
Roots
Sori
Rhizome
a. Underground stem
b. Where spores are stored
c. Above ground stem
d. Large leaf
e. Takes up water & nutrients

26. Gymnosperms (conifers)
Conifers have a male cone and female cone.
The female cone produces the ovules and…
The male cone produces the pollen.
Fertilization of the ovule and pollen creates the seed.

27. Gymnosperms (conifers)

29. Conifers(cone-bearers)
Male cones produce pollen (with sperm)! Pollen blows off in the wind.

30. WOW !!!!!

31. Conifers
The female cone is big. Pollen sticks to it, and fertilizes an egg, making a seed.

32. Angiosperms : Most common plants
Produces pollen (sperm) & egg in flowers
Produce seeds

33. Angiosperms

34. Angiosperms and Gymnosperms have evolved to become the dominant plants on earth!!

35. Questions What organisms do you think are the ancestors of plants?
What are the differences between spores and seeds?
Why does having tracheids allow vascular plants to be much larger than nonvascular plants?