1. SHADOZ Update: Report to US-Japan TTL Workshop
Anne Thompson, PI –
17 Oct 12

2. SHADOZ Website. http://croc-. gsfc. nasa
SHADOZ Website. Impact Metrics: Hundreds of Citations & Countless AVDC, NDACC Downloads
14 Stations operating Most
recent archival paper
With 33 Co-I authors:
Thompson et al. J Geophys. Res., in press,
2012. = T12

3. Network affiliation ** Ancillary data/UACO variables
Topic of Study
Station*
Co-I/Sponsor**
SHADOZ start year
Site
start year
Network affiliation **
Ancillary data/UACO variables
Expected sonde freq./year
Long-term Validation / Trends
(Data available prior to 1995)
Kuala Lumpur
Maznorizan bt Mohamad, Malaysian Met. Dept.
1998
1992 26
Watukosek
Ninong Komala, LAPAN & Masatomo Fujiwara, Hokkaido Univ.
SOWER
CFH-water vapor profiles
Am. Samoa
Bryan Johnson & Samuel J. Oltmans, NOAA
1986
NDACC / GAW
Dobson / surface CO2, CH4, CO, CFCs, O3 52
Natal
Francis J. Schmidlin, NASA/Wallops & Neusa Paes Leme, INPE
1979
NDACC
Brewer
Hilo
B. Johnson & S. J. Oltmans, NOAA
1982
MLO – Dobson, FTIR, O3 Lidar, CFH-water vapor / surface CO2, CH4, CO, CFCs, O3
Irene
G.J.R. Coetzee, S. African Weather Serv.
1999
1990
Dobson
La Reunion
Françoise Posny, Université de La Réunion
SAOZ, O3 Lidar
Processes in the FT, TTL, and LS
Fiji
1997
San Jose***
Rennie Selkirk, NASA/GSFC & Holger Vömel, GRUAN Lead Center
2006
GRUAN
SO2 sondes, CFH-water vapor profiles
San Cristobal
GRUAN / SOWER
Paramaribo
Rinus Scheele, KNMI
Ascension Is.
Francis J. Schmidlin, NASA/Wallops
TCCON / GAW
Carbon columns / surface CO2, CH4, CO, CFCs
Nairobi
Bertrand Calpini, MeteoSwiss & John Nguyo, KMD
1996
Dobson, surface O3
Ha Noi
H. Gia Hiep, AMO, S. Ogino, JAMSTEC, M. Fujiwara, Hokkaido Univ., & M. Shiotani, RISH
2005
2004
* Colors for stations indicate geographic region: blue-Western Pacific, red-Atlantic/Africa, white-Subtropics, & green-Equatorial Americas
** See Acronyms in Appendix
*** Station formerly referred to as Alajuela / Heredia

4. Overview Newer Technical Issues (2012-2016)
SHADOZ proposals in review at NASA – Technical issues affecting site variations (biases) major focus
Technical Issues & Progress ( )
Focus on 3 variables (Sensing Solution Type [SST], Instrument type, Pump Correction Factor [PCF]).
Resolution & recommendations in JOSIE/WMO Reports (Smit et al., 2007; 2011); Thompson et al., 2007;= T07; Deshler et al., 2008
Current V05 SHADOZ data available
Newer Technical Issues ( )
SHADOZ working with WMO/SPARC/IOC consultative process
Will reprocessing all SHADOZ data in – recommended ‘homogenization’ to account for variations in background current, instrument and solution type
Iterative process may include chamber test: “JOSIE” – 2014
Stay tuned for new issues: radiosonde, ozonesonde technical changes (new ‘state of things’ for network in 15th year!)

5. Implications for SHADOZ
Implications for SHADOZ. Interpretation of Station Biases in Stratospheric Measurement.
T07 (not shown) mean total ozone offset relative to *TOMS* - 10 stations 5-7%, range 1-11% low
In T12 (below), “re-processing” eliminated Paramaribo offset; 13-site mean offset < 5% relative to *OMI*. Hanoi, KL, Watukosek largest (low sonde) offset.

6. Looking Ahead. How to Address SHADOZ Data Set, from 1998-2012?
Issue illustrated below (from T12). SST change?
Work with O3-DQA (WMO/JOSIE) consensus/consultative process in adopting and implementation recommendations
Individual Pis to process data. Add meta-data to SHADOZ archive? files?

7. SHADOZ Proposal Table 3 - Summary of Schedule & Deliverables
Timeline
SHADOZ PI, Collaborator/Partner Activities for O3S-DQA & SI2N
Deliverables, Reporting & Publications
April 2012
Sonde Technical Issues in O3S-DQA, Greenbelt Workshop, attended by PI, NASA, NOAA collaborators and Members of the WMO Ozone SAG
Processing with first set of Transfer Functions by SHADOZ volunteers.
O3S-DQA Report to SI2N Workshop, Columbia, MD.
June – Dec. 2012
Preliminary data re-processing at selected stations
Transfer function implementation.
Re-process SHADOZ data set for stations with instrument, sensor solution changes. Optimize background current correction. (First scheduled: Fiji, Samoa, San Cristóbal)
AGU Special Session on O3S-DQA and related sonde technical results: Dec. 2012, San Francisco
Jan. – June 2013
Workshop, O3S-DQA Report, Publication preparations for SI2N and UNEP/WMO 2014 Assessment deadline.
SHADOZ Deliverable:
O3S-DQA Report(s).
SHADOZ PI, Collaborators submit 1 or more journal articles for publication.
June – Dec. 2013
Workshop: (1) evaluate Transfer Function and other re-processing changes on SHADOZ dataset; (2) Assess needs and protocol for Tropical-JOSIE to be conducted in
Re-process all SHADOZ datasets (V06) for self-consistency within given station. Apply Transfer Function as needed.
Jan – Dec. 2015
Review Results at WMO-sponsored Workshop.
Conduct Tropical-JOSIE at WCCOS, Jülich.
Jan. – Dec. 2016
Report at Quadrennial Ozone Symposium.
Reprocess & homogenize the SHADOZ Data.
Prepare publication(s) for 2018 UNEP/WMO Ozone Assessment.
SHADOZ Statistical Analyses, Classifications with LID & SOM, Interannual Variability & Trends
2013 – 2014
Classified profiles on SHADOZ website or link
Comparisons of LID & SOM for Ascension, Natal, Irene
Prepare journal article, 2014
SHADOZ comparisons with TES
Prepare journal article, 2015
Classified profiles for KL, Hilo, Nairobi, Samoa
Analyze reprocessed, homogenized data for climate signals, trends
Prepare journal article, 2016

8. SHADOZ in SEACIONS/SEAC4RS

9. extras

10. Variables Affecting Ozone Measurement
Variables Affecting Ozone Measurement. Note that Some Affect Entire Profile, Others More Important in Stratosphere or TTL
Every sonde launched is a new instrument
Pozone = 4.31 x (I- I bg ) x Tpump x PCF (1/F)
Calibrated through exposure to low, high ozone amounts.
Important variables
SST = sonde solution type. KI strength, buffering, eg 0.5%, buffered; 1% buffered, 2% unbuffered; 0.5%, 0.1% buffered, etc
Response time, Ibackground determined in pre-launch calibration
Pump efficiency correction important above 25 km
Instrument manufacturer (“type”), materials
Mixing ratio/Partial pressure of ozone = PO3/P(total Atm)

11. Status for SHADOZ, 2004 (in Smit et al. , 2007; Thompson et al
Status for SHADOZ, 2004 (in Smit et al., 2007; Thompson et al., 2007 [T07]). PCF Below

12. Comparisons of 4 SSTs (KI strength) & Manufacturer in Chamber/JOSIE (left) & on Field Test (BESOS) (right), relative to standard uv photometer. (From H. Smit, in Thompson et al., 2010).
JOSIE
2000
BESOS
2004 A B
OPM = UV Photometer “Standard” used in JOSIE chamber & on BESOS Balloon :
1) Precision and accuracy both 5-10% vs 15% pre-SHADOZ
2) WMO/GAW (World Meteorological Organization/Global Atmospheric Watch)
adopted new standards as a result

13. SHADOZ & QUALITY ASSURANCE: UV Photometer & JOSIE-2000 Chamber Tests
Above – JOSIE chamber, 9/ Right -- JOSIE-2000 explains Nairobi high stratospheric ozone bias.
Methods tested: Buffer Instrument
(1) NOAA/CMDL = Fiji, Samoa, San Cristöbal No SPC
(2) NASA/WFF = Ascension/Natal Yes SPC
(3) MeteoSwiss/Payerne = Nairobi Yes SPC & Ensci

14. SHADOZ Climatology at Tropical Sites Shows Bias at
Individual Stations – T07 (Left, 98-02); T12 (Right, )
Individual stations show bias in stratospheric profile segment when compared to SHADOZ tropical mean.

15. Emerging Technical Issues (2009)
Background Current (Voemel & Diaz, 2009; Stuebi & Levrat, 2009). Implication for SHADOZ at certain sites. Refer to Solomon et al. 2005, Left
Response time – an issue in TTL? (refer to Shiotani/SMILES paper, QOS) – stay tuned
New Radiosondes (RS80-> RS92->Imet). DISCOVER-AQ example, Right
Third instrument type. SPC stable, ENSCI-> DMT ?? – Time will tell!
DISCOVER, DKM