1. Computer Ethics
Curtiz Cotterell

2. What are Ethics?
“ Thus the new industrial revolution is a two edged sword. It may be used to destroy humanity…. And if it is not used intelligently it can go far in that direction.
The Impact of Modern Computing
Computer technology is the most powerful and most flexible technology ever devised. For this reason computers are changing everything- where and how we work, where and how we learn, shop, eat, vote, receive medical care, spend free time, make war, love, (Roger and Bynum 1995)

3. Computers are not just about technology!
Its not merely a technical revolution
It involves
Ethical
Social
Legal problems and framework
According to Moor computers are a universal tool that has the ability to completely alter the lives of those who come into its path.

4. Computers affect, banking, Commerce, Employment, Medicine, a nations defence, transportation, entertainment, and here to day Education.
The effects of our association with computers throws up many challenges some of them are good, but others are bad.

5. The establishment of codes of conduct.
Throughout the world as private and public companies get to grips with the world of computing, codes of conduct have emerged in order to regulate the way computers are utilised.
Q. Who is Edward Snowden?
Who is Julian Assange?

6. Computers and responsibility
ACM (Association of Computer Machinery)
IEEEC (institute of Electronical & Electronic Engineers)
BCS (British Computer Society)
IMIS (Institute of management Information Systems and many more such organisation exist to control the ethics of computing

7. Ethics try to shape behaviour and any harmful consequences.
But no one knows or can always predict future events.
E.g. Who could foresee that having a mobile phone, Table PC, and the advent of texting would have such profound effect on individuals rights to privacy.
E.g. Commission v Google ( The right to be forgotten) and the new Safeharbour ruling.

8. Freedom of information Act 2000
The Freedom of Information Act 2000 provides public access to information held by public authorities.
It does this in two ways:
public authorities are obliged to publish certain information about their activities; and
members of the public are entitled to request information from public authorities.
The Act covers any recorded information that is held by a public authority in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and by UK-wide public authorities based in Scotland. Information held by Scottish public authorities is covered by Scotland’s own Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002.
Public authorities include government departments, local authorities, the NHS, state schools and police forces. However, the Act does not necessarily cover every organisation that receives public money. For example, it does not cover some charities that receive grants and certain private sector organisations that perform public functions.

9. Privacy and anonymity
Within the EU with the exception of the UK, there are very strict laws concerning the privacy of an individuals information.
The new Fundamental rights Charter which became law in 2009
Article 8
Protection of personal data
1. Everyone has the right to the protection of personal data concerning him or her.
2. Such data must be processed fairly for specified purposes and on the basis of the consent of the
person concerned or some other legitimate basis laid down by law. Everyone has the right of access to
data which has been collected concerning him or her, and the right to have it rectified.
3. Compliance with these rules shall be subject to control by an independent authority

10. What could possibly go wrong!
From BBC News site 2015
The UK's data watchdog has said that VTech's new terms and conditions would not absolve it of liability in the case of future hack attacks.
It emerged earlier this week that the toy company had changed its terms to say that families using its software did so at their "own risk".
This prompted a backlash in which some security experts suggested parents should boycott its products.
The UK's Toy Retailers Association has since said VTech remains "reputable".
However, at least two major stores have told the BBC that they are in talks with the Hong Kong-based manufacturer to decide how to proceed.
Stolen photos
VTech was alerted to the fact it had been hacked in November when it was contacted by the Motherboard news site.
It later confirmed that more than 6.3 million children's accounts and 4.8 million parent accounts had been compromised.

11. This is why we need an Ethical Code.
Analysis of the nature and social impact of computer technology
The formulation and justification of policies for the ethical use of such technology
Computers should not cause harm
What are the core values of computer ethics?

12. Issac Asimov “ I robot”
A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
A robot must obey orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law
A robot may not harm humanity, or, by inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.