1. Nutrition & Food Chemistry

2. Nutrients
Essential substances that your body needs to grow and stay healthy
6 Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Minerals
Vitamins
Water

3. Carbohydrates Sugars and starches that the body uses for energy
Major Source: Plants

5. Complex Carbohydrates
Simple Carbohydrates
Complex Carbohydrates
Sugars that are quickly digested
Provide a quick boost of energy
Major Source: oranges, candy, cookies, cakes
Starches that are composed of many sugars linked together
Provide the body with long-term energy b/c they are digested slowly
Major Source: rice, beans, potatoes

6. Carbohydrates
Fiber – an indigestible complex carbohydrate that helps move waste through the digestive system
Soluble Fiber – dissolve in water, form a gel, and slow down digestion
Oat bran, barley, nuts, seeds, beans, lentils, fruits
Insoluble Fiber – do not dissolve in water, speed up digestion
Wheat bran, vegetables, whole grains, brown rice

7. Proteins
Proteins are made from many amino acids connected together in different arrangements
9 Essential Amino Acids – your body cannot make these and you must get them from the food you eat
Provide building materials the body needs to grow and repair itself

9. proteins Missing some of the essential amino acids
Incomplete Proteins
Complete Proteins
Missing some of the essential amino acids
Examples: legumes, nuts, whole grains
Contain all 9 of the essential amino acids
Examples: fish, meat, milk, eggs, cheese

11. Fats Belong to a class of compounds called lipids
Fatty acids are the building blocks of fats
Major energy source for the body
More than carbohydrates & proteins
Help protect & cushion vital organs and joints
Insulate the body

12. fats
Saturated Fats
Unsaturated Fats
Contain fatty acids with the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms (all single bonds)
Room Temp
Animal Fats – beef fat, egg yolks, dairy products
Contain fatty acids with less than the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms (at least 1 double bond)
Room Temp
Vegetable Fats – canola, safflower, peanut oils

14. Vitamins & Minerals Micronutrients: needed in small amounts
Must be obtained from foods we eat because the body cannot make them
Minerals - Inorganic elements/ions required by the body in order to develop and grow properly
Iron, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium
Vitamins - Complex compounds that help the body maintain normal metabolism, growth, and development

15. Vitamins Dissolve in water Not stored in body for future use
Water Soluble
Fat Soluble
Dissolve in water
Not stored in body for future use
Examples – Vitamins B, and C
Dissolve in fats
Stored in fat tissue, liver, and kidneys
Examples – Vitamins A, D, E, and K

16. B2 for healthy skin (& energy production)
B Vitamin Family
B1 for a healthy heart
B2 for healthy skin (& energy production)
B3 for healthy nervous system
B5 good for concentration
B6 helps regulate hormones
B7 for healthy hair & skin
B9 for healthy immune system

18. Water Helps to maintain body functions Lubricates joints & membranes
Enables you to swallow & digest foods
Absorb other nutrients
Eliminate wastes
Perspiration helps maintain normal body temps

19. Calories
The energy obtained from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats is measured in kilocalories (or Calories)
1 calorie ≠ 1 Calorie
1000 calories = 1 kilocalorie = 1 Calorie
Europe use kcal & the US uses Calorie (with a capital C)
Calorie Counts
Carbohydrates 1 g = 4 Calories
Proteins 1 g = 4 Calories
Fats 1 g = 9 Calories

20. Calculating Calories Q = mCΔT
Q = heat (measured in calories or joules)
m = mass (measured in grams)
C = specific heat capacity
Specific heat capacity of H2O = 1 calorie/g °C = 4.18 J/g °C
ΔT = change in temperature (measured in °C)
ΔT = Tempfinal – Tempinitial
We will calculate the number of calories in
a tortilla chip
a goldfish cracker