1. مقدمة في علوم الحاسب Lecture 5
Dr. Mai Elshehaly
Department of Computer Science
Faculty of Computers and Informatics
Suez Canal University

2. Today’s Class CPU Speed: Presentations Internal Clock External Clock
Superscalar Processor
Pipelining
Cores
Presentations

3. Data Rates

4. Data Rates
External Clock

5. External Clock
Source: Santana, Gustavo AA. Data Center Virtualization Fundamentals: Understanding Techniques and Designs for Highly Efficient Data Centers with Cisco Nexus, UCS, MDS, and Beyond. Cisco Press, 2013.

6. Example: Pentium 4 Internal clock: 3.4 Ghz
External clock: 200 MHz x 4 (QDR) = 800 MHz

8. Difference in speed
External Clock
~800 Mhz
Internal Clock
~3 Ghz

9. What can programmers do?

10. What can programmers do?
Caching is your friend

11. Assume data is ready: Sequential processing (no pipeline)
IF = Instruction Fetch
ID = Instruction Decode
EX = Execute
MEM = Memory access
WB = register Write back
Usually < 1 instruction per clock cycle

12. Pipelining

13. Superscalar processing

14. Class Activity: Create a Car
Steps:
Draw a simple outline as I will show you
Cut at the outline
Fold the upper shape
Draw 2 wheels and 2 windows

15. 3 Teams Team 1  2 volunteers ( a processing unit and a time keeper)
Team  5 volunteers (4 processing units and a time keeper)
Team  5 volunteers (4 processing units and a time keeper)
Team 1: Sequential
Team 2: Pipelining
Team 3: Superscalar

16. Time Recorded
Team 1
Team 2
Team 3
Car 1
Car 2
Car 3
Car 4
Car 5

19. More speed? More transistors on the same chip  Moore’s Law

20. Is Moore’s Law dead?
Pretty much yes!

21. Is Moore’s Law dead?
Hello Multicore!

22. Dual Core

23. Intel’s Dual Core:

24. Intel’s Dual Core Processors
Core 2 Duo
Core i3

25. Core 2 Duo

26. Core i3

27. What is a thread?
Program
Process P1
Process P2
Threads

28. Threads in a Process

29. Sequence of instructions
Thread
Sequence of instructions

30. Superscalar processing: Instruction-Level Parallelism

31. Hyper-Threading: Thread-Level Parallelism
Different colors = different processes
Execution can happen for different threads (instruction sequences) on the same core

32. Intel’s Quad Core Processors
Core i5:
Core i7:

33. Intel’s Quad Core Processors
Core i5
Core i7
Hyper-Threading
Turbo Boost

34. What is Turbo Boost?

35. What is Turbo Boost?

36. Q.E.
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