1. New Government
Unit 4

2. Articles of Confederaton
Section 1

3. State Governments 3 Branches Legislative Executive Judicial
Most powerful
Executive
Governor
Restricted Power
Judicial

4. Republicanism “consent of the governed” Republican Motherhood
Property owning citizens would run the government
Not included: NA, Women, A-A, poor
Republican Motherhood
Mother’s raised patriots

5. The Articles Confederation Power Independent states working together
November 1787
Power
Legislative –Continental Congress
Equal vote by state
9 of 13 vote to pass laws
13 of 13 to amend
Foreign Affairs
Army/War
Coin $
States retained most power

6. Problems with Article Money States Foreign Nations War Debt
No power to collect taxes
Paying for military
Inflation
Trade with Britain
States
Could not settle disputed between states (lack of courts)
Foreign Nations
British made expansion difficult
Spain negotiations over New Orleans difficult

7. West NW Territory Land Claims Land Ordinance of 1785
Needed to be settled and used
Land Claims
States had to give up claims
System for adding new states?
Land Ordinance of 1785
Townships – 6 sq miles
4 Government Sections, 1 for Schools
Northwest Ordinance
System for statehood
No slavery

8. Problems/Convention
Section 2

9. Frustrations with Articles
Shay’s Rebellion
Merchants
Trade between states difficult
Creditors
had not been repaid
Philadelphia Convention
Called to revise the A of C

10. Constitutional Convention
12 States
Not RI
Secret
James Madison’s
Thomas Jefferson and John Adams absent

11. Great Compromise New Jersey Plan Virginia Plan
Representatives based on population
New Jersey Plan
Unicameral legislature
Equal Representation
The Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)
Bicameral Legislature
Upper House – Senate – Equal Representation
Lower House – House of Rep – Representation based on population

12. Three-Fifths Compromise
Counting Slaves for Representation?
South – wanted to count all
North – Can’t vote – why count?
Compromise
3/5’s of population would count
Used for tax purposes earlier
Outlaw of Slave Trade after 20 years
Fugitive Slave Law

13. Checks and Balances
Each branch could check on each and therefore balance out the power
Ex: Executive Branch may veto Legislative Branch laws
Judicial Branch
Set up somewhat independent
Appointed by President, approved by Senate, cannot be removed
Final Document approved at convention
Some wanted Bill of Rights

14. Constitution
Section 3

15. Article I Legislative Branch Lawmaking Congress Senate
House of Representatives

16. Article II Executive Branch Executes or Enforces the Law Presidency
Evolved over the years

17. Article III Judicial Branch Interprets the Laws
Left somewhat incomplete intentionally

18. Remaining Articles Article IV Article V Article VI Article VII
Relations between states and federal government
Article V
Amendment Process
Article VI
Supremacy Clause
Article VII
Ratification

19. Ratification
Section 4

20. Federalist and Anti-Federalist
Supporters
Liked strong central government
James Madison/Alexander Hamilton
Support in Cities
Anti-Federalist
Opponents
Wanted more state power
Distrust of Central Authority
More of Population
Sam Adams/Patrick Henry/Robert Yates (Brutus)
Wanted a Bill of Rights

21. Federalist Papers
Essays defending the Constitution written in NY newspapers
Publius – John Jay, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton
Persuade NY to support Constitution
Power/Division
Madison warned against division
Spoke in support of how separation of powers would limit power
Papers and organization of Federalist led to ratification by 11 states

22. Bill of Rights States ratified upon promise of Bill of Rights
James Madison
Limit power of all three branches
10 of 12 approved
The Ten
1-8 civil liberties
9 – rights not listed
10 – Delegated and Reserved Powers
Focused on protecting state power