1. Period 3 Vocabulary

2. Umayyad Clan
Est. a dynasty of rulers of Islam and dominated the politics and commercial economy of Mecca. ( )

3. Muhammed
Prophet of Islam. Received revelations form Allah in 610 CE and died in 632 CE.

4. Caliph
The political and religious successor to Muhammed

5. Sunni and Shi’a Muslims
Sunni- Muslims that believe the community was to pick the successor (caliph) to Muhammed. Majority sect in the world today
Shi’a- believe that the caliph line follows from Muhammed’s son-in-law Ali.

6. Abbasid Empire
Dynasty that replaced the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam, came to power in 750 CE.

7. Baghdad
Capital of the Abbasid Empire. Located in modern day Iraq.

8. Buyids and Seljuk Turks
Buyids- A splitter dynasty that conquered and ruled the Abbasid Empire as sultans. (10th century)
Seljuk Turks- nomadic invaders from central Asia, Sunnis, ruled in the name of the Abbasid caliphs from the mid- 11th century

9. Crusades
Series of military ventures that sought to free the Holy Land from the Muslims

10. Stateless Society
African societies that are formed around kinship and not around political power and authority.

11. Ibn Batuta (b. 1304)
Arab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records

12. Songhay Empire
Successor to Mali and eventually reached imperial status

13. Mali
empire in West Africa from c to c. 1600

14. Kongo
Kingdom based on agriculture formed on the lower Congo river in the late 15th century. Ruled by a hereditary monarchy.

15. Great Zimbabwe
Confederation of Bantu peoples that developed after the 9th century. Included royal courts and became a centralized state by the 15th century.

16. Byzantine Empire
The Eastern portion of the Roman empire. Continues after the collapse of Rome. Capital is Constantinople.

17. Kievan Rus’
a loose federation of East Slavic tribes in Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century

18. Middle Ages
Aka Medieval period. The period between Antiquity and the Modern Era. 5th -15th Century

19. Manorialism
System that described the economic and political relationship between landlords and their peasant laborers

20. Feudalism
A system of social hierarchy in Europe and Japan during the middle ages.

21. Charlemagne
Charles the Great, established an empire in France and Germany c. 800.

22. Holy Roman Empire
complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806

23. Magna Carta
A charter agreed to by King John of England in 1215, gave feudal rights to the nobles, protection against illegal imprisonment, and protection of church rights

24. Black Death
Plague that struck Europe in the 14th century

25. Sui
Dynasty that emerged after the fall of the Han. Reunited China.

26. Tang
Dynasty that followed the Sui in 618

27. Song
Dynasty that followed the Tang starting in 960 and continued until 1279

28. Samurai
Japanese warriors loyal to local rulers and not the emperor

29. Shogun
 hereditary military commander-in- chief of feudal Japan

30. Daimyos
Warlord rulers of 300 small states following civil war and disruption of Ashikaga Shogunate

31. Mongols
Central Asian nomadic peoples

32. Genghis (Ghinggis) Khan
Founder of the Mongol Empire which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his demise

33. Khanates
Four regional Mongol kingdoms following the death of Genghis Khan

34. Kubilai Khan
Grandson of Genghis Kahn; commander of Mongol forces responsible for the conquest of China