1. Electrical Safety Evolution in DOE Past, Present and Future
Lloyd B. Gordon
Chief Electrical Safety Officer
Los Alamos National Laboratory
EFCOG Electrical Safety Task Group Rep

2. 35-year Electrical Safety History of the Speaker
1981 – 1986 – Research Engineer at LLNL, learning electrical safety
1986 – 1991 – Professor Auburn University
Worked with LLNL, SNL, Army to develop R&D Electrical Safety Training, incorporating early drafts of DOE Electrical Safety Handbook
1992 – 1998 – Professor Univ. of Texas
Worked with LLNL, SNL, Army, SLAC, LANL on R&D Electrical Safety Training
1998 – 2006 – LANL
Senior Electrical Safety Engineer, trainer, started R&D workshops
Chair 2008 – EFCOG Electrical Safety Subgroup
Began as editor of R&D sections of DOE Electrical Safety Handbook
Worked with ANL, BNL, training ESOs
2007 – present – LANL
Chief Electrical Safety Officer
Member of IEEE 1584, ISA Standard 101, NFPA 70E DC and 350 task groups
EFCOG representative for LANL on Electrical Safety Task Group

3. Persons and Institutions Providing Input
Old Timers (> 30 years)
Larry Perkins, Oak Ridge Office of Environmental Management (OREM) – 40 year history with DOE Electrical Safety (70E)
David Mertz, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL)
Greg Christensen, Idaho National Laboratory (INL)
Bob Gray, Hanford Site (70E)
Mark Scott, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
Bryan Drennan, Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) (70E)
Gary Dreifuerst, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)
Jackie Mcalhaney, Savannah River National Laboratory (SRS)
Heath Garrison, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Pantex Plant
Lloyd Gordon, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)
Mark Matthews, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
Bobby Sparks, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
Special thanks to all contributors, I will write a more comprehensive report.
Glenn Anderson, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL)
Todd Kujawa, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLAB)
Joe Kilar, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)
James Wright, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL)

4. NNSA Sites Los Alamos National Laboratory
Lawrence Livermore Laboratory
Sandia National Laboratories
Y-12 National Security Complex
Savannah River Site
Nevada National Security Site
Pantex Plant
Kansas City National Security Campus

5. Office of Science Labs Ames Laboratory Argonne National Laboratory
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility

6. Office of Environmental Management Sites
Hanford Site
Idaho National Laboratory
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Moab Site
Nevada National Security Site
Oak Ridge Site
Paducah Site
Portsmouth Site
Savannah River National Laboratory
Savannah River Site
Separations Process Research Unit (SRPU) Site
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) Site
West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP) Site

7. History of Electrical Safety in DOE
1940s - creation of first “DOE” labs, Manhattan Project
LANL, Y-12, Hanford
LLNL, SNL, Pantex, SRS, etc.
exempt from OSHA
1979 – DOE develops Electrical Safety Manual to provide contractors with guidance in electrical safety
1980s – two electrical fatalities, DOE chartered team assessed labs, published:
Report of site assessments
DOE Electrical Safety Handbook, 1993
Model Electrical Safety Program, Marty Nee
1990s – Assessment team evolved into DOE Electrical Safety Committee
tiger teams, increased emphasis on workplace safety
1990s – Most of the contractor Electrical Safety Committees were established

8. History of Electrical Safety in DOE
Integrated Safety Management (ISM, DOE wide)
1996 – Fatal electrical accident in 1996, LANL
DOE Electrical Safety Handbook with R&D sections
1990s late – funding issues reduced complex wide electrical safety initiatives, safety was left to each site.
Although several labs adopted 1995 NFPA 70E, there was no uniform approach
OSHA inspections of DOE labs
2004 – Several electrical near misses, including SLAC
DOE focus on electrical safety
Special Operations Report on Electrical Safety from Headquarters
Secretary of Energy strongly encourages use of DOE Electrical Safety Handbook
Electrical Safety Improvement Project (ESIP)
CFR 851 released, Worker Health and Safety Rule, now under OSHA, NEC, 70E
EFCOG Electrical Safety Task Group formed
CFR 851 plan implemented
Revised DOE Electrical Safety Handbook

9. Timeline of Select Serious Electrical Accidents in DOE
July 1974 – LANL R&D engineer electrocuted on capacitor bank
January electrician at Rocky Flats receives fatal burns from electrical arc-flash
June electrician at Oak Ridge severely burned from arc blast
January 1996 – laborer at LANL fatally shocked after jackhammer contacts an energized 13.8 kV underground distribution line
April Bonneville Power Administration subcontract electrician electrocuted after coming in contact with de-energized, 230-kilovolt transmission line conductor carrying induced voltage.
June electrocution of WAPA lineman, HV
October severe arc flash burns to technician at SLAC, 480 V
July 2013 – electrocution ,115 kV, Bonneville Power Administration
May 2015 – arc flash, 13.8 kV, 3rd degree burns, electrician

10. DOE meetings on electrical safety
Annual DOE Electrical Safety meetings in Las Vegas (1990s )
1st R&D Electrical Safety Meeting/Workshop (2004, LANL)
2nd R&D Electrical Safety Meeting/Workshop (2005, SLAC)
3rd R&D Electrical Safety Meeting/Workshop (2006, SNL/LANL)
EFCOG (Energy Facility Contractors Operating Group)
Electrical Safety Improvement Project - throughout 2006

11. Annual Meetings of DOE Electrical Safety Committee 1990s
Annual Meetings of DOE Electrical Safety Committee 1990s? , Las Vegas
2003 – 2005 talks on
LOTO
Meter safety
Utility safety
Arc flash, IEEE1584, PPE
Medical effects
Accidents and trends
R&D
70E at DOE sites
NEC
Site reports
OSHA
And much more

12. DOE meetings on electrical safety EFCOG Electrical Safety Workshop
1st SNL
2nd 2008, NREL
3rd 2009, Hanford
4th 2010, Brookhaven
5th 2011, Y-12
6th 2012, LANL
None, government shutdown
7th 2014, NREL
8th 2015, LLNL
9th 2016, Fermi
10th ??

13. Historical growth of Electrical Safety Committees
Most Electrical Safety Committees were founded in the 1990s.
Electrical Safety Committees have an average of 15 members.
Most commonly represented organizations include Facilities/Maintenance, Safety and Health, Research and Development, and Engineering.

14. Electrical AHJ at labs Some small labs – one person
Some labs – two persons (facility and R&D or safety)
A few labs – a committee

15. Electrical Safety Subject Matter Experts (ESO) ESO, Field AHJ, DEEI, etc.
85% of those who responded report having an Electrical Safety Officer(s) or equivalent
A common responsibility is the inspection and approval of unlisted electrical equipment
Other ESO roles have a wide variety but generally include advising management and employees on electrical safety requirements and procedures, including electrical safe work procedures and training.
64% use a combination of online and in-class training. The rest use in-class training only.
Most (83%) of those who responded report requiring training every three years. Others require every 2 years or with the standards revision cycle.

16. Evolution of Unlisted Electrical Equipment Approval in DOE
December 1998 – released in DOE Electrical Safety Handbook
1998 – 2005 – larger labs started programs
2006 – 2015 – smaller labs implemented programs
complex wide recommended program placed in the DOE Electrical Safety Handbook
2015 – equipment approval reciprocity program developed
TODAY
70% of labs report that they are greater than 90% complete in the inspection and approval of unlisted electrical equipment
15% are around 50% complete
15% are less than 20% complete

17. Today NFPA 70E Implementation, by version
2015 – 1 5 in process
2012 – 6 1 in process
2009 – 4

18. Electrical Hazard Classification
70% of those who responded report that they are using or will soon be using Hazard Classification, or similar, in DOE Handbook.

19. DOE R&D electrical safety workshops
1st R&D Electrical Safety Meeting/Workshop (2004, LANL)
2nd R&D Electrical Safety Meeting/Workshop (2005, SLAC)
3rd R&D Electrical Safety Meeting/Workshop (2006, SNL/LANL)

20. 2004 R&D Workshop Supported DOE Handbook Edited R&D Chapters, 9 and 10
Stated that we needed more R&D Chapters
Four working groups
Unlisted Electrical Equipment Approval
Qualification and Training
DOE Handbook, Chapter 9
DOE Handbook, Chapter 10
Worked on first concepts of Hazard Classification
Led to December 2004 DOE Handbook

21. 2005 R&D Workshop Working Groups 10CFR851 – major impact
NFPA 70E – started discussing R&D
Standards for R&D
Talks
Applying 70E to R&D
Acceptance of multilab equipment inspections
Equipment approval methods
Consistent Electrical Hazard Classification

22. 2006 R&D Workshop Working Groups
Unlisted Electrical Equipment Approval
Electrical Hazard Classification
Work Control for R&D (70E)
Reporting and Assessment Criteria
Engineering Controls (Ch.9 and 10, Standards)
Talks
CRADs for site assessment

23. EFCOG/DOE Electrical Safety Improvement Project
released January 12, 2006
developed in response to DOE’s challenge to improve electrical safety performance, as directed by Energy Secretary Samuel Bodman
a formal approach for managing improvement
to integrate current DOE and contractor electrical safety efforts

24. EFCOG Area Leaders EFCOG ELECTRICAL SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT MANAGER
Tony Umek - Fluor
#6 – Controlling Energized Work Hazards
Chip Lagdon – DOE
Alan Gibson – LANL
Steve Merrick – INL
Paul Case – FH
Richard DeBusk – LBNL
#2 – Technical Authorities and Qualifications
Chip Lagdon, Don Harvey, Mike Hicks, Cliff Ashley – DOE
David Mills – WSRC
Terry Fogle – LANL
Lloyd Gordon – LANL
Mark McNellis – SNL
Bobby Gray – FH
Bobby Sparks – PNNL
#3 – DOE Electrical Safety Policy and Handbook
Ray Hardwick, Cliff Ashley – DOE
Bryan Drennan – SNL
#5 – Awareness/Continuation Training
Ray Blowitski – DOE
Jackie McAlhaney – WSRC
Bill Reid – INEL
George Mortinson – INPO
Lloyd Gordon – LANL
Advisory Committee
#4 – Reporting Criteria/ Performance Measurement
Frank Tooper, Ray Blowitski, Mike Hicks – DOE
Contractors (see Attachment 1)
#7 – Consolidation of Ongoing Electrical Safety Activities
Frank Tooper, Dave Chaney, Frank Russo, Chip Lagdon – DOE
Joe Yanek – WSRC
Tony Umek – FH
Barbara Hargis – LANL
#1 – Baseline Assessment/Criteria
Randy Unger – DOE
C. Bryan Drennan – SNL
Jackie McAlhaney – WSRC

25. R&D Workshop input into EFCOG
1 - Unlisted Equipment Approval
2 - Hazard Classification
3 - Work Control
4 - Assessments
5 - Standards
EFCOG ELECTRICAL SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT MANAGER
Tony Umek - Fluor
#6 – Controlling Energized Work Hazards
Chip Lagdon – DOE
Alan Gibson – LANL
Steve Merrick – INL
Paul Case – FH
Richard DeBusk – LBNL
#2 – Technical Authorities and Qualifications
Chip Lagdon, Don Harvey, Mike Hicks, Cliff Ashley – DOE
David Mills – WSRC
Terry Fogle – LANL
Lloyd Gordon – LANL
Mark McNellis – SNL
Bobby Gray – FH
Bobby Sparks – PNNL
#3 – DOE Electrical Safety Policy and Handbook
Ray Hardwick, Cliff Ashley – DOE
Bryan Drennan – SNL
#5 – Awareness/Continuation Training
Ray Blowitski – DOE
Jackie McAlhaney – WSRC
Bill Reid – INEL
George Mortinson – INPO
Lloyd Gordon – LANL
Advisory Committee
#4 – Reporting Criteria/ Performance Measurement
Frank Tooper, Ray Blowitski, Mike Hicks – DOE
Contractors (see Attachment 1)
#7 – Consolidation of Ongoing Electrical Safety Activities
Frank Tooper, Dave Chaney, Frank Russo, Chip Lagdon – DOE
Joe Yanek – WSRC
Tony Umek – FH
Barbara Hargis – LANL
#1 – Baseline Assessment/Criteria
Randy Unger – DOE
C. Bryan Drennan – SNL
Jackie McAlhaney – WSRC

26. EFCOG Electrical Safety Subgroup or Task Group chairs
2007 – Bobby Gray, Hanford
2008 – Lloyd Gordon, LANL
2009 – 2010 – Mark McNellis, SNL
2011 – 2012 – Jackie McAlhaney, SRS
2013 – 2014 – Greg Christensen, INL
2015 – 2016 – Heath Garrison, NREL
2017 – 2018 – Richard Waters, INL

27. 2007 EFCOG Workshop Working Groups
DOE Electrical Safety Handbook, Ch. 1-8
DOE Electrical Safety Handbook, R&D and Future
Electrical Safety Center of Excellence
Engineering Solutions for Personnel Safety
Review of NFPA 70E Proposals
Application of NFPA 70E into DOE labs

28. 2008 EFCOG Workshop - NREL Working Groups 2008 NEC 2009 NFPA 70E
Electrical Severity Ranking Tool
Electrical Safety Performance for the Complex
Polished input to DOE Electrical Safety Handbook

29. 2009 EFCOG Workshop - Hanford
Working Groups
Training
ISA Standards
Equipment Approval
Subsurface Detection
70E Proposals

30. 2010 EFCOG Workshop - BNL Working Groups Implementation of 2009 70E
DC Hazards
Hazardous Energy Control
Analysis of Complex Incidents

31. 2011 EFCOG Workshop – Y12 Working Groups 2012 70E 2015 70E proposals
Hazardous Energy Control
Subsurface Detection
Lightning Protection
AHJ Qualifications and Training

32. 2012 EFCOG Workshop – LANL Working Groups Hazardous Energy Control
Lightning Protection
Severity Tool Standard
Mobile Field Applications
DC Standards and Arc Flash Calculations

33. 2014 EFCOG Workshop – NREL Working Groups Hazardous Energy Control
AHJ Issues
Large Scale and Microgrid Power Systems
Compensatory Arc Flash Protection
DC Standards and Arc Flash Calculations

34. 2015 EFCOG Workshop – LLNL Working Groups DC Systems
Hazardous Energy Control
Electrical Safety Medium Voltage, Subcontractors
Equipment Approval Reciprocity
Risk Assessment per NFPA 70E

35. 2016 EFCOG Workshop – Fermi Working Groups DC Hazardous Energy
Hazardous Energy Control
Subcontractor Electrical Safety Management
DOE Electrical Safety Handbook
NFPA 70E Risk Assessments

36. Contributions of EFCOG Workshops
DOE Electrical Safety Handbook
Revisions – 2004, 2013
New material – excavations, equipment approval, hazard classification
10CFR851
Modified to add “must have electrical safety program to cover R&D
NFPA 70E
2009 – Article 350
2012 – DC approach shock boundaries, DC arc flash calculations
2015 – DC task tables, etc.
2018 – eliminated article 340, others
Best practices
Lightning protection, hazardous energy control, DC analysis
Equipment approval reciprocity
Electrical Severity Measurement Tool
Risk Assessment (based on 2015 NFPA 70E)

37. Collaboration with the Army Research Laboratory
2008 – The Army Research Laboratories (ARL) contacted DOE seeking improvements in electrical safety in their R&D labs.
2008 – present – soldier deaths due to showers, low hanging distribution lines, and field micro grid power systems get attention
March 2009 – ARL - R&D electrical fatality to civilian researcher on 1000 J capacitor
2009 ARL adopts much of DOE electrical hazard classification, R&D electrical training, and electrical work control approval
2011 – 2013 – ARL adopts DOE unlisted electrical equipment approval process
2011 – 2016 – DoD participates in Electrical Safety Workshops, contribute products to DOE (mobile app, etc.)

38. What’s Next? Revision of DOE Electrical Safety Handbook
Break into facility and R&D?
Add sections on D&D, lighting protection, etc.
Best practices on
Subcontractor oversight, risk assessment, LOTO, DC hazard analysis, solar power, lithium ion battery safety
National Electrical Safety Month
Battery safety
User friendly tools
To aid workers, managers, and SMEs in implementing electrical safety
Training
Share training materials, best practices
Someday, reciprocity in electrical training?