1. Kinetic Theory & States of Matter

2. States of Matter

3. States of Matter
Identify the 3 states of matter when you boil soup and put an ice cube in it to cool it down.
Gas: water vapor
Liquid: ice melting
Solid: ice

4. Kinetic Theory: All matter is composed of small particles
These particles are in constant random motion
These particles are colliding with each other and the walls of their container.

5. Particles and Motion of Solids:
The particles in a solid are packed together tightly.
They are constantly vibrating in place.
And the solid holds its own shape.

6. Particles and Motion of Liquids:
The particles in a liquid are farther apart.
They move more freely than the particles in a solid.
The particles take the shape of the container.

7. Particles and Motion of Gases:
In gases the particles are far apart
There are no attractive forces that exist between the particles.
The do not have a definite volume or shape.

8. Fossweb link
Let’s see this in action!! Click the picture below.

9. Temperature is lowered Temperature is increased
Thermal Energy: is the total amount of kinetic energy contained in all the particles of a substance.
When the temperature of a substance is lowered, the particles will have less thermal energy and will vibrate more slowly.
When the temperature of a substance is increased, the particles will have more thermal energy and will vibrate more quickly.
Temperature is lowered
Temperature is increased

10. Thermal Energy Example:
Dropping an ice cube into hot soup is an example of a temperature increase in the ice.
The particles in the hot soup are moving fast and are colliding with the vibrating particles in the ice cube.
The collisions of the particles transfer energy from the hot soup to the ice cube.
Soon the particles of ice have enough kinetic energy to overcome the attractive forces.
The particles of water gain enough kinetic energy to slip out of their ordered arrangement and the ice melts.
The particles in the ice cube moves faster and looses it’s shape and flows freely…the ice melts.
Hot Soup
Ice cube
Energy

11. Human Movement Activity
Within your groups, can you act like the particles of a
Solid
Liquid
Gas

12. Heating Curb of a Liquid:

13. Heating Curb of a Liquid continued:
This type of graph is called a heating curve because it shows the temperature change of water as thermal energy or heat is added.
Notice the two areas on the graph where the temperature does not change.
At 0°C ice is melting.
All of the energy put into the ice at this temperature is used to overcome the attractive forces between the particles in the solid.
The temperature remains constant during melting.

14. Heating Curb of a Liquid continued:
After the attractive forces are overcome, particles move more freely and their kinetic energy or temperature increases.
At 100°C, water is boiling or vaporizing and the temperature remains constant again.
All of the energy that is put into the water goes to overcoming the remaining attractive forces between the water particles.
When all the attractive forces in the water are broken, the energy goes to increasing the kinetic energy or temperature of the particles.

15. videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCL8zqj XbME 5min
DZ4Y 5min
85pM 5min
RCpk 20min