1. ES101 9/16/10 Ecology II Tutor – HIGHLY RECOMMENDED!
Frangelica Odell, M&W, 6-8pm, MH201
Turn in reading questions (with sect #)
Students in Fri lab, be prepared
for rain showers
Assessment Survey

2. ES101 9/16/10 Assessment Survey DOES NOT AFFECT YOUR GRADE!
We will use it in June to assess
the effectiveness of the course

3. Terrestrial Biomes of
the World
Biome =
Dominant ecosystem
in a region

4. Type of biome depends on temperature & precipitation

5. Temperate Deciduous Forest
Major biome in eastern US
Med. precipitation
Very good soil
Forest re-grows easily
In general, greater diversity than
forests further north

6. Why are most trees to the south decid?
Leaves drop in autumn because it takes less energy to grow new leaves (in the spring) than to protect leaves from the cold
Long enough season, good enough soil to do this

7. Long enough season, good enough soil to do this
Why are most trees to the north evergreen?
Evergreen needles -
Adaptation to cold temps., poor soil:
Too cold, poor soil, can’t drop leaves and grow back in spring

8. Nature works like a system
System: Set interactions among interdependent parts
Closed system: Isolated from outside
Open system: Energy and materials flow in and out (nature)

9. Systems are controlled by feedback loops
Positive feedback: Increase in one process leads to further increase
(I recommend drawing this diagram)
Temperature increases + +
Earth absorbs more heat
Snow, ice melt + +
Earth gets darker

10. Negative feedback loops:
An increase in a process eventually leads to a decrease in that process
(drawing this diagram optional)
Temp.increases + -
Temp. decreases
Clouds reflect light
More water evaporates +
More clouds form +

11. Nature works like a system
Open system: Energy and materials flow in and out (nature)
Ecosystems are controlled by flows of energy and matter
Disturbances may alter these flows so species cannot survive
Disturbance = ?
Periodic, destructive events

12. Bitteroot National Forest MT
Will this ecosystem recover from this disturbance? To predict, we need to know how it works!
Bitteroot National Forest MT

13. Matter = anything that has volume and mass Energy = ability to do work
Matter and Energy
Matter = anything that has volume and mass
Energy = ability to do work
Kinetic energy (k.e.) = energy in anything that moves (includes light waves, heat, etc.)
Potential energy (p.e.) = stored energy
Chemical p.e. = energy stored in the bonds of molecules
Gravitational p.e. =
energy stored in something that can fall

14. Laws of Thermodynamics

15. The first law of thermodynamics states:
energy is destroyed when it is burned
disorder in the universe is increasing
energy cannot be created or destroyed
plants create energy

16. The second law of thermodynamics states:
energy is destroyed when it is burned
disorder in the universe is increasing
energy cannot be created or destroyed
plants create energy

17. Laws of Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics = how energy is transferred
First Law: Energy is conserved = can’t create or destroy energy
Can move it around and change forms (kineticchem. p.e., etc.)
Food = Chem. p.e.
Food + oxygen = releases stored energy
Allows motion in body = Kinetic p.e.