1. The harvest and storage of chemical energy

2. ENERGY = the capacity to do work KINETIC ENERGY POTENTIAL ENERGY
E.g., movement, random molecular motion
POTENTIAL ENERGY
Stored energy, e.g. guillotine, ______ pressure
CHEMICAL ENERGY
Potential energy stored in _____ bonds
H2, hydrogen gas

3. ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS Change from one energy type to another
Examples:
Cars:
Gas (chemical E) --> motion (______ E) + heat
Organisms:
Food molecules (chemical E) -->
1) motion (kinetic E) + heat
or 2) storage molecules (______ E) + heat

4. Exergonic reactions release energy
R1 + R2 -> P1 + P2 + E
Energy of reactants > energy of products
E.g., burning of wood:
Chemical E of wood and O2 (reactants) >
Chemical E of ASH, CO2 and H2O (products)
Net energy released as heat and ______

5. Endergonic reactions consume energy
R1 + R2 + E -> P1 + P2
Energy of reactants < energy of products
Require an input of energy
Usually from _____, the cellular fuel molecule
E.g., _________ of macromolecules

6. Phosphorylation How cells store ________ energy
Endergonic process
Requires an input of _______
To ‘phosphorylate’ is to attach a phosphate group
-O-P-O- O = - O-
Phosphate
group
_______ bond
Hydrocarbon
Phosphate group
Covalent bond contains potential/stored energy

7. Removal of phosphate group releases ______
Released energy can be used for _____

8. Cells energize ________ compounds to do work
ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate
= phosphorylated ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
adenosine

9. Examples of phosphorylation processes:
1) The ATP cycle
ATP is used to ______ and then release energy
An example of “________ reactions”
Combine E-releasing with E-consuming reactions

10. ____ amount of energy needed to create ______
2) Enzyme-_________(substrate-level) phosphorylation
Enzyme transfers P from another molecule
____ amount of energy needed to create ______
Enzyme does not actually ________ energy
ATP

11. 3) Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions
Transport electrons from high energy reactants to lower energy products
Electrons occupy lower energy (inner) ____ in products
Results in release of energy
E.g., oxidation of glucose into CO2 and ___:
C6H O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY
(_____ E) (____ E)

12. Number of atoms does not change Just rearranged 
+ ENERGY
Number of atoms does not change
Just rearranged
Rearrangement results in release of ______
Electrons that Hydrogen atoms shared with ________ are moved to ________ (in water)
Where they occupy lower energy _____
Molecules that _____ electrons are “oxidized”
Glucose gets oxidized to CO2
Molecules that _____ electrons are “reduced”
Oxygen gets reduced to ___