1. LC Training for RDA: Resource Description & Access
Module 3:
Identifying Expressions and Describing Content
Cooperative and Instructional Programs Division,
Library of Congress, Sept. 2012
Modified for UCSD Training, Feb. 2013

2. Notes to UCSD Catalogers
RDA aligns to FRBR, not MARC
Some data elements to be recorded in MARC bib records, some in MARC authority records.
Try not to get confused
LC Practice discussed in this module
To help us understand
We follow PCC BSR & local instruction
RDA is a moving target
Instructions may change from today’s training
Always use RDA Toolkit to check RDA and LC-PCC Policy Statement
More Examples added

3. Elements for Expressions Content of Works and Expressions
Learning Objectives for Module Identifying Expressions and Describing Content
Elements for Expressions
Content of Works and Expressions
Creators, Contributors, and Relationship Designators
Related Works, Expressions, and Manifestation
These are the topics for this module.
(animated upon click):

4. Unit 1: Elements for Expressions
“Expression” – the FRBR Entity
Identifying the Expression
LC Decisions
Contributors
Constructing the Authorized Access Point Representing an Expression
Additions to Authorized Access Points for Expressions
Variant Access Points for Expressions
MARC Authority Fields for Expressions
p. 1: Elements for Expressions
[no accompanying Word text; bullets not animated]

5. Expression – the FRBR Entity
‘the way in which a work (the idea in the creator’s mind) is expressed’
through …
Language (i.e., alpha-numeric)
Sound
Movement
Performance
etc.
Page 1: Expression -- The FRBR Entity
Expression” is perhaps the easiest WEMI entity to understand, if you consider the word literally: it is the way in which a work (the idea in the creator’s mind) is expressed:
through language (i.e., alpha-numeric characters)
through sound
through movement
through performance
etc.

6. Identifying the Expression
Authorized access points are used in bibliographic records to identify the expression being cataloged; also in 6XX and 7XX to represent relationships to other expressions
Forms according to RDA chapter 6
Two steps (similar to identifying the Work)
Name the work
Add expression-level identifying information
Page 1: Identifying the Expression
Authorized access points are used in bibliographic records to identify the expression being cataloged; also in 6XX and 7XX fields to represent relationships to other expressions
Just as for Works, the forms of authorized access points for Expressions are prescribed according to the instructions in RDA Chapter 6.
Identifying the expression is a simple two-step process, similar to identifying the Work:
Name the work
Add expression-level identifying information

7. LC Decisions on … Bibliographic or Authority?
Always identify the expression by recording in the bibliographic record
sometimes (per DCM Z1) also by making a title or name/title authority record
Authorized access points are used in other authority records as 5XX fields (relationships to other expressions) for treaties and in cases of cataloger judgment
Page 1: LC Decisions on … Is This Data Recorded as Bibliographic Data or Authority Data?
Always identify the expression by giving information in the bibliographic record; sometimes (per DCM Z1) also by making a title or name/title authority record
Authorized access points are used in other authority records as 5XX fields (relationships to other expressions) for treaties and in cases of cataloger judgment

8. LC Decisions on … How to Identify Expressions
LCPS 0.6.3
Identify these expressions by adding an attribute to the authorized access point
Music resources (6.28.3)
Sacred scriptures (6.30.3)
Translations and language editions (6.27.3)
Page 1: LC Decisions on … How to Identify Expressions
Per LCPS (Core Elements for Works and Expressions), LC will identify expressions by adding an attribute to the authorized access point in only these situations:
Music resources (RDA )
Sacred scriptures (RDA )
Translations and language editions (RDA )

9. LC Decisions on … How to Identify Expressions
For other categories, LC will include the expression attributes in other fields in the bibliographic record
336 field (Content type)
264 field (Date of expression)
Often, the date of manifestation is used)
Page 1: LC Decisions on … How to Identify Expressions (cont.)
For expressions other than these three categories, LC will identify the expressions by utilizing other fields in the bibliographic record.
336 field (Content type)
264 field (Date of expression -- often, the date of manifestation)

10. LC Decisions on … How to Identify Expressions
Do not add another characteristic to differentiate one expression from another
e.g., do not differentiate one translation of Hamlet in French from another French translation
Translation 1: traduit par André Gide, c1946
Translation 2: traduit par Jean-Michel Déprats, c2002
Both will have the same (no differentiation):
1001 Shakespeare, William, ǂd
24010Hamlet. ǂl French
e.g., do not differentiate one arrangement of Berlioz’ Corsaire from another arrangement
Page 1: LC Decisions on … How to Identify Expressions (cont.)
Do not add another characteristic to differentiate one such expression from another. For example: do not differentiate one translation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet in French from another French translation; do not differentiate one arrangement of Berlioz’ Corsaire from another arrangement.

11. LC Decisions on … Using Existing NARs
Already an AACR2 NAR …
If only one expression represented by NAR, i.e.
1001 Shakespeare, William, ǂd ǂt Hamlet. ǂl German
Use the form in the NAR
If more than one expression represented by NAR, i.e.
1001 Shakespeare, William, ǂd ǂt Hamlet. ǂl German & English
Do not use that form in your bibliographic 7XX field
Instead, give separate access points for each expression in the bibliographic record 7XX fields
Already an RDA NAR …
Use it in your bibliographic record, even if it includes an additional expression attribute LC wouldn’t include
more covered later
Page 2: LC Decisions on … Using Existing Name Authority Records
If there is already an AACR2 NAR, what you do depends on how many expressions are represented by that NAR (there are usually multiple language expressions).
If only one, use the form in the NAR.
If more than one, do not use that form in your bibliographic record 7XX field. Instead, give separate access points for each expression in the bibliographic record 7XX fields.
If there is already an RDA NAR, use that form of the access point, even if it includes an additional expression attribute LC wouldn’t include; this action is consistent with the LC/PCC policy of using authorized access points in existing name authority records.

12. Contributors
“ … contributing to the realization of a work through an expression”
Chapter 20
Editors, translators, illustrators, arrangers of music, performers, writers of commentary, and others
see examples in RDA
Borchardt, Julian, ǂd 1868–1932, ǂe editor
Edmonds, Rosemary, ǂe translator
Trinkaus, George J., 1878–1960, ǂe arranger of music
CORE ELEMENT for LC only for illustrators of resources intended for children
RDA Appendix I.3.1 for relationship designators
Page 2: Contributors
Remember that those entities “contributing to the realization of a work through an expression” are called contributors -- not creators. The instructions for contributors are found in Chapter 20.
Examples of contributors are editors, translators, illustrators, arrangers of music, performers, writers of commentary, and others.
“Contributor” is a relationship of a Group 2 FRBR entity (Person, Family, or Corporate Body) to a Group 1 FRBR Entity (specifically, an Expression).
The discussion below concerns the addition of an access point to reflect this relationship -- not the transcription of the statement of responsibility attribute.
provides numerous examples, and LCPS provides the core element instruction:
 Contributor (as a relationship) is a CORE ELEMENT for LC only for illustrators of resources for children. If multiple illustrators are present, apply cataloger judgment to give more than the first (we already saw, in RDA Chapter 2, that transcribing the first statement of responsibility relating to title proper is CORE).
RDA Appendix I.3.1 lists the relationship designators used for contributors

13. Constructing the Authorized Access Point Representing an Expression
6.27
The basis is the authorized access point for the work
Additions as outlined in
Goncourt, Edmond de, 1822–1896. Frères Zemganno.
English.
Page 2: Constructing the Authorized Access Point Representing an Expression
Look at 6.27 to see how to construct the authorized access point for an expression:
The basis is the authorized access point for the work
Add one or more of the elements listed in
Example:
[Use animation to bring in color-coded example box in two parts: click to display a.a.p. for the work; click again to display language]
Goncourt, Edmond de, 1822–1896. Frères Zemganno. English
(Resource described: The Zemganno brothers / by Edmond de Goncourt. An English translation of a French novel)

14. Additions to Authorized Access Points for Expressions
content type * (6.9)
date of the expression * (6.10)
language of the expression * (6.11)
another distinguishing characteristic of the expression * (6.12)
Page 3: Additions to Authorized Access Points for Expressions
Here are the four possible additions:
a term indicating content type (6.9)
the date of the expression (6.10)
a term indicating the language of the expression (6.11)
a term indicating another distinguishing characteristic of the expression (6.12)
 The elements are not required; they are added if needed to differentiate. Nor are they listed here in priority order; choose the most useful element(s).
“and/or”
* if needed to differentiate

15. Additions to Access Points for Expressions -- Content Type
RDA 6.9
CORE ELEMENT when needed to differentiate
“fundamental form of communication in which the content is expressed and the human sense through which it is intended to be perceived ...”
Take from any source
Controlled vocabulary in RDA
Access point: in subfield $h
Page 3: Content Type
 Look at instruction 6.9
 Content type is a CORE ELEMENT when needed to differentiate an expression.
(Note that content type is labeled CORE in the Toolkit; but that relates to its use in the specifically coded 336 field. When considering whether to use it in an authorized access point for an expression, it is recorded only if needed to break a conflict -- although in practice another expression attribute is often used instead, so it seldom comes into play).
Content type is “a categorization reflecting the fundamental form of communication in which the content is expressed and the human sense through which it is intended to be perceived.” For content expressed as images, content type also reflects the number of spatial dimensions in which the content is intended to be perceived and the presence or absence of movement.
Take information on content type from any source.
Record a term or terms from the controlled vocabulary listed in Table 6.1 within RDA You can record as many terms as are applicable to the resource being described. If none of the listed terms apply to the resource being described, record “other.” If the content type cannot be readily ascertained, record “unspecified.”
The content type -- if used -- is recorded in $h of the access point.
[Example box displays upon click]
130 $a ____________ $h Spoken word
[For the audiobook of a printed text]

16. Content Type Recorded in 336 Field
New records
One content type present in ILS templates
Existing records
One content type added by macro
May add another field if appropriate
Use $3 if multiple components and term does not apply to all
Page 3: Content Type Recorded in 336 Field
LC catalogers will also record content type in MARC field 336 in bibliographic records.
This data can be easily recorded using ILS templates (for new records) and macros (for updating existing records). You are free to add additional 336 fields if appropriate. If there are multiple components of a resource (e.g., a book and a CD) and the term does not apply to all components, you may optionally use $3 to indicate what the term applies to (but this is not required).
LC policies for content type are the same as for media and carrier types discussed in Module 2.

17. Examples of 336 Field (also showing 337-338)
Book or printed text serial: 336 $a text $2 rdacontent 337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia 338 $a volume $2 rdacarrier
Score:
336 $a notated music $2 rdacontent
337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia
338 $a volume $2 rdacarrier
No Accompanying Text in Word Document
[speak extemporaneously, briefly, about green-font data]

18. Examples of 336 Field (also showing 337-338)
Map: 336 $a cartographic image $2 rdacontent 337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia 338 $a sheet $2 rdacarrier
CD of text:
336 $a text $2 rdacontent
337 $a computer $2 rdamedia
338 $a computer disc $2 rdacarrier
No Accompanying Text in Word Document
[speak extemporaneously, briefly, about green-font data]

19. Examples of 336 Field (also showing 337-338)
Book with accompanying CD of lecture: $3 and $e 300 $a 244 pages $e 1 CD 336 $3 book $a text $2 rdacontent 336 $3 CD $a spoken word $2 rdacontent 337 $3 book $a unmediated $2 rdamedia 337 $3 CD $a audio $2 rdamedia 338 $3 book $a volume $2 rdacarrier 338 $3 CD $ audio disc $2 rdacarrier
No Accompanying Text in Word Document
[speak extemporaneously, briefly, about green-font data. Remind them that $3 is optional]
Instead of 300 $e, can repeat 300 field
300 $a 244 pages ...
300 $a 1 CD ...
Instead of $e, can give a note
500 $a Accompanied by a CD.

20. Additions to Access Points for Expressions -- Date of Expression
RDA 6.10
Not a CORE ELEMENT for LC
Only for music, sacred scripture, translations
No longer add $f for “Works” and “Works. Selections”
Take from any source
“earliest date associated with an expression”
May use date of manifestation
If you find a NAR with this additional element, you may use it; do not create such NARs; do not perform authority maintenance
Change!
Page 4: Date of Expression
 Look at instruction 6.10
LCPS reiterates that LC adds an expression attribute only in the following situations:
Music resources
Sacred scriptures
Translations and language editions
 This means you no longer add a date for compilations whose preferred title is a collective title beginning with “Works.” This is a change from AACR2/LCRI practice!
You may take information for date of expression from any source
If you use the date of expression, the date of the earliest manifestation embodying the expression may be treated as the date of expression.
If you find NARs which include the Date of Expression, you may continue to use that form. But do not create such a NAR or add the element to an existing NAR.
[Click to display “Change” arrow, and then again to display example]
100 1# $a Bernstein, Leonard, $d
$a Works

21. Additions to Access Points for Expressions -- Language of Expression
RDA 6.11
CORE ELEMENT when needed to differentiate
“language in which a work is expressed”
Take from any source
Use term(s) from the MARC 21 list of languages
Access point: in subfield $l (not repeatable)
Distinguish between:
one expression in more than one language
two or more expressions
Page 4: Language of Expression
 Look at instruction 6.11
 Language is a CORE ELEMENT when needed to differentiate an expression.
Take information on language of expression from any source.
The language of expression is recorded in $l of the access point. Use term(s) from the MARC Code List for Languages.
When determining whether you need to add a language attribute, determine whether you have …
one expression in more than one language (for example, Tolstoy’s War and Peace) or,
two or more expressions

22. If One Expression … One language More than one language
give $l only if a translation
More than one language
do not give $l unless a translation
100 1# $a Brunhoff, Jean de, $d
$a Babar en famille. $l English
$a Babar and his children.
Page 4: If One Expression …
If the manifestation has only one expression in one language, give subfield $l only if the expression is a translation.
Example:
Brunhoff, Jean de, Babar en famille. English
If the manifestation has only one expression in more than one language, do not give subfield $l unless it is a translation.
Tolstoy, Leo, graf, Voĭna i mir.
(the original Russian text also included portions of text in French)
Tolstoy, Leo, graf, Voĭna i mir.

23. If Two or More Expressions … Original and One Translation
If the manifestation is a compilation of the original and one translation of the same work
record an analytical authorized access point for the original expression (without $l for the language)
record a separate analytical authorized access point for the translation (with $l for the language)
Examples of AACR2 and RDA on next 2 slides
Page 5: If Two or More Expressions
If the manifestation is a compilation of the original and one translation of the same work, record an analytical authorized access point for the original expression (without the $l for the language), and record a separate analytical authorized access point for the translation (with the $l for the language)

24. Examples: Two Expressions -- Original and One Translation
Original + Spanish translation in the same resource
AACR2
041 1# $a eng $a spa $h eng
100 1# $a Macken, JoAnn Early, $d 1953-
$a Mail carrier. $l Spanish &
English
$a Mail carrier = $b El cartero /
$c JoAnn Early Macken.
$a Cartero
546 ## $a English and Spanish.
No Accompanying Text in Word Document – Suggested ‘script’ for discussion
[Spend some time looking at the discussion and examples in LCPS ]
According to AACR2 and LC policies, the main entry for a compilation with different expressions of the same work was the main entry for the original with the languages of the different expressions given together in subfield $l: both Spanish and English in the 240 field even though there were two separate expressions of the work in the resource, not one expression in two languages.

25. Examples: Two Expressions -- Original and One Translation
Original + Spanish translation in the same resource
RDA
041 1# $a eng $a spa $h eng
100 1# $a Macken, JoAnn Early, $d 1953-
$a Mail carrier = $b El cartero /
$c JoAnn Early Macken.
$a Cartero
546 ## $a English and Spanish.
$a Macken, JoAnn Early, $d 1953-
$t Mail carrier.
$t Mail carrier. $l Spanish.
No Accompanying Text in Word Document – Suggested ‘script’ for discussion
RDA says to name each expression -- as shown here, in the 700 fields. No 240 would appear in the record. The subfield $l has the language of the expression. (LC policy is to not give subfield $l in the authorized access point representing the original – note the first 700 field).

26. If Two or More Expressions … Original and More than One Translation
If the compilation contains the original expression and more than one translation
record an authorized access point for the original expression (without $l for the language)
record an authorized access point for at least one translation (with $l for the language)
Giving additional analytical access points is cataloger judgment
Page 5: If Two or More Expressions (cont.)
If the compilation contains the original expression and more than one translation, give analytical authorized access points for the original expression (without the $l for the language) and at least one translation (with the $l for the language); giving additional analytical access points is cataloger judgment.

27. Language Editions (i.e., translation not involved)
Two or more expressions in different languages, and the original expression is not present
Record at least one of the expressions in an analytical authorized access point.
Two or more expressions in different languages, and you cannot determine the original
Select the first one in the compilation as the original edition for purposes of choosing the preferred title for the work.
If two language editions, provide analytical authorized access points for each edition and record the language of the second edition in subfield $l
If more than two language editions, give analytical authorized access points for the first language edition and at least one other edition.
Page 5: Language Editions (i.e., translation not involved)
If the manifestation is a compilation of two or more expressions of the same work in different languages, and the original expression is not present, record at least one of the expressions in an analytical authorized access point.
If the manifestation is a compilation of two or more expressions of the same work in different languages, and you cannot determine the original, do the following:
When the compilation includes two language editions, provide analytical authorized access points for each expression and record the language of each in subfield $l
When the compilation includes more than two language editions, give analytical authorized access points for the first language edition and at least one other edition
[Instructor: display “Diplome” example in LCPS ]

28. Language Editions (i.e., translation not involved)
Example of Two or more expressions in different languages, and you cannot determine the original
$a Diplôme international de l'OIV en management du secteur de la vigne et du vin : $b OIV MSc in wine management = International diploma of the OIV in management of the vine and wine sector = Internationales Diplom der OIV im Fachberich Management im Weinbausektor = Diploma internazionale dell'OIV in getion del settore della vigna e del vino = Diploma internacional de la OIV de management del sector la viña y el vino.
$a Diplôme international de l'OIV en management du secteur de la vigne et du vin.
$a Diplôme international de l'OIV en management du secteur de la vigne et du vin. $l English.
(French title chosen as the preferred title because it is named first in the compilation)
Page 5: Language Editions (i.e., translation not involved)
If the manifestation is a compilation of two or more expressions of the same work in different languages, and the original expression is not present, record at least one of the expressions in an analytical authorized access point.
If the manifestation is a compilation of two or more expressions of the same work in different languages, and you cannot determine the original, do the following:
When the compilation includes two language editions, provide analytical authorized access points for each expression and record the language of each in subfield $l
When the compilation includes more than two language editions, give analytical authorized access points for the first language edition and at least one other edition
[Instructor: display “Diplome” example in LCPS ]

29. No Longer Use … “Polyglot” Single subfield with multiple languages
e.g., “French & English”
Provide specific information about all the languages of each expression.
Page 5: No Longer Use …
Two important changes have occurred from AACR2:
Do not use “Polyglot” in subfield $l
Do not record in one subfield multiple languages (e.g., “French & English”).
Instead, provide specific information about all the languages of each expression.

30. Additions to Access Points for Expressions -- Other Distinguishing Characteristic
RDA 6.12
CORE ELEMENT when needed to differentiate
“a characteristic other than content type, language of expression, or date of expression that serves to differentiate an expression”
Take from any source
Access point: at end of last subfield unless a separate subfield is available
subfield $o for musical expressions (e.g., “arranged”)
subfield $s for versions of the Bible, etc.
Page 6: Other Distinguishing Characteristic of the Expression
 Look at instruction 6.12
 Other Distinguishing Characteristic is a CORE ELEMENT when needed to differentiate an expression.
Other Distinguishing Characteristic is “a characteristic other than content type, language of expression, or date of expression that serves to differentiate an expression.”
Take information on other distinguishing characteristic from any source.
In addition to the general instruction, there are specific instructions for musical works (6.18), legal works (6.21), and religious works (6.25).
The other distinguishing characteristic is generally recorded at the end of the last subfield. However, some characteristics have their own subfields in access points, such as subfield $o for musical expressions and subfield $s for versions of the Bible (etc.).
[The next slide shows two examples]

31. Examples – Other Distinguishing Characteristic
130 #0 $a Nutcracker (Choreographic work :
Baryshnikov)
130 #0 $a Bible. $l English. $s Authorized.
$f 2004
No Accompanying Text in Word Document – Suggested ‘script’ for discussion
In the 1st example, there isn’t a separate subfield code for the choreographer.
In the 2nd example, a specific subfield is used for the distinguishing characteristic.

32. Variant Access Points for Expressions -- RDA 6.27.4.5
LC policy: cataloger judgment -- consider if important for user to find or identify
Catalogers are users, too
May be
based on a variant title of the work associated with a particular expression
a form with a variant of the addition in the authorized access point
Page 6: Variant Access Points for Expressions
Variant access points for expressions -- that is to say, cross-references on Name Authority Records -- are not core elements in RDA.
LC policy is to apply cataloger judgment to determine if a variant access point is important for a user to be able to find or identify the expression.
If a variant access point for an expression is recorded, it may be one of the following:
based on a variant title of the work associated with a particular expression
a form with a variant of the addition in the authorized access point

33. Examples -- Variant Access Points for Expressions
100 $a Lindgren, Astrid, $d
$t Pippi Långstrump. $l English
400 $a Lindgren, Astrid, $d
$t Pippi Longstocking
100 $a Hartmann, $c von Aue, $d active 12th century. $t Works. $l English
400 $a Hartmann, $c von Aue, $d active 12th century. $t Arthurian romances, tales, and lyric poetry
No Accompanying Text in Word Document – Suggested ‘script’ for discussion
The first example illustrates the use of the language as an addition to the preferred title in the 100 field, and the recording of the variant title associated with that expression in the 400 field.
The second example also shows that LC practice is to not add the date of expression to the variant access point when the authorized access point uses a conventional collective title that begins with "Works" as the preferred title.

34. MARC Authority Fields for Expressions
Apply cataloger judgment when deciding whether to include these fields in any name authority records made for expressions.
046: Special coded dates
336: Content type
381: Other Distinguishing Char. of WE
PCC Recommendation: do not code above fields unless to differentiate
Follow LC-PCC PS
377: Lang. of Expression -- OK to code
New
Page 7: MARC Authority Fields for Expressions
Apply cataloger judgment when deciding whether to include these fields in any name authority records made for expressions.
046: Special coded dates
336: Content type
[Click to display text box]
Covered in further detail in the “Authorities” courses

35. MARC Authority Fields for Expressions
PCC: Do not to code 046, 336, 381 UNLESS to differentiate
Page 7: MARC Authority Fields for Expressions
Apply cataloger judgment when deciding whether to include these fields in any name authority records made for expressions.
046: Special coded dates
336: Content type
[Click to display text box]

36. For More Guidance -- Constructing Access Points
LCPS “Constructing Access Points to Represent Works and Expressions”
Use established forms in existing NARs
If need to create, create RDA NAR
Do not create ‘hybrid’ NARs
Do not add 7XX fields for RDA forms to AACR2 records or AACR2 forms for RDA records
Page 7: For More Guidance
LCPS 6.27
Here are some highlights of this important Policy Statement which covers, among other issues, “Authority Records in the LC/NACO Authority File”:
Catalogers creating RDA bibliographic records will use authorized forms established in existing AACR2 and RDA authority records. As a result, some bibliographic records may contain a mix of authorized headings created according to AACR2 and RDA.
If no AACR2 or RDA authority record exists, catalogers will create RDA authority records. The resulting authorized access points will be used as needed in both RDA and AACR2 bibliographical records.
Exception: Do not create ‘hybrid’ AACR2/RDA authorized access points in establishing new headings or in making additions to existing headings. Follow one cataloging code or the other in establishing authorized access points. Catalogers making additions to AACR2 headings or making new headings based on existing AACR2 records (e.g., name/title) will use AACR2 rules and appropriate LCRIs. Catalogers making additions to RDA headings or making new headings based on existing RDA records (e.g., name/title) will use RDA instructions.
LC practice: Do not add 7XX fields for RDA forms to AACR2 records or 7XX fields for AACR2 forms to RDA records (this was done during the RDA test and you may see them in NARs; simply ignore these 7XX fields)

37. For More Guidance -- “What LC-PCC Catalogers Need to Know”
Interim document
“what a cataloger should do”
Page 7: For More Guidance
“What LC-PCC Catalogers Need to Know”
This interim document summarizes the programmatic changes that will be made to the LC/NACO Authority File, and provides guidance regarding “What an RDA cataloger should do.” It can be found at:

38. For More Guidance -- Additional Resources
“Refresher documents” R5 and R6
Examples folder for authority records on LC RDA site
LC NetDev MARC page
Page 7: For More Guidance
Additional Resources
There are several resources you can consult for information and examples about these new fields. These are the same resources as for Works, so they are only listed here, without further elaboration.
Refresher Training R-Documents R-5 and R-6
Training Examples Folder at
NetDev MARC Page

39. Unit 2: Exercise on Expressions
Document R-6
Example 14
Exercise #6 Identifying Expressions
Page 9: Exercise on Expressions
First, let’s look at an example of a name authority record with expression data:
 Look at document R-6 in your pack of “refresher documents”
Example 14 is an example of an authority record for an expression.
Now, work with your colleague to complete:
Exercise #6 Identifying Expressions
We will go over this exercise together in a few minutes

40. Unit 3: Exercise on Creators and Contributors
Exercise #7 Creators and Contributors
7a: Determining Creator
7b: Identifying Other Creators and Contributors
Page 11: Exercise on Creators and Contributors
Now, work with your colleague to complete:
Exercise #7 Creators and Contributors
We will go over this exercise together in a few minutes

41. Unit 4: Describing Content
General Guidelines
Content Attributes Recorded in the MARC 300 Field
Content Attributes of Works
Content Attributes of Expressions
Page 13: Describing Content
[Bullets not animated]
This Unit provides general instructions on recording the attributes of works and expressions associated with the intellectual or artistic content of a resource. The elements include those that users typically rely on when selecting a resource to meet their requirements relating to content.
The “Content” elements delineated in RDA are of two types: attributes of the Work, and attributes of the Expression.

42. Content Attributes Recorded in the MARC 300 Field
Because these elements are related to content, they are covered in RDA Chapter 7, not Chapter 3
Duration (7.22)
Illustrative Content (7.15)
Colour Content (7.17)
300 field is a mix of carrier and content
Page 13: Describing Content
But first, we will cover three content attributes that are recorded in the MARC 300 field (remember that the 300 field is a mix of carrier and content). Because these elements are related to content, they are covered in RDA Chapter 7, not Chapter 3.

43. Content – 300 Duration LC CORE ELEMENT RDA 7.22
“Playing time, running time, etc., of the content of a resource”
MARC 300 $a
Use abbreviations per RDA Appendix B
p. 13. Duration
 Duration is a CORE ELEMENT for LC
Duration is the playing time, running time, etc., of the content of a resource. Duration also includes performance time for a resource containing notated music or notated movement.
Look at instruction 7.22
This data is recorded in MARC field 300 $a
Sources: Take information on duration from any source.
Duration is one element that does use abbreviations.
Recording Playing Time, Running Time, etc.
If the resource has a playing time, running time, etc., record it as follows. Abbreviate terms for units of time as instructed in appendix B.
If the total playing time, running time, etc., is stated on the resource, record the time stated.
Example: (2 hr., 15 min.)
If the total playing time, running time, etc., is not stated on the resource but is readily ascertainable, record it.
Example: (30 min.)
If the total playing time, running time, etc., is neither stated on the resource nor readily ascertainable, record an approximate time preceded by approximately.
Example: (approximately 90 min.)
If the total playing time, running time, etc., cannot be approximated, omit it.
Other instructions under 7.22 address performance time, duration of individual parts, and resources containing both sound and/or moving images and text.
[Click to display examples]
300 $a 1 audio disc (45 min.)
300 $a 1 DVD (2 hr., 15 min.)

44. Content – 300 Illustrative Content
LC CORE ELEMENT for resources intended for children
RDA 7.15
Open list of vocabulary terms
Recorded in MARC 008/18 as applicable and field 300 $b
p. 14. Illustrative Content
 Illustrative content is a CORE ELEMENT for LC for resources intended for children.
This data is recorded in MARC 008/18 as applicable and field 300 $b
Sources: Take information on illustrative content from any source.
Recording Illustrative Content
If the resource contains illustrative content, record illustration or illustrations, as appropriate. Tables containing only words and/or numbers are not considered as illustrative content. Disregard illustrated title pages, etc., and minor illustrations.
 Look at LCPS for the alternative
“Generally do not record the type of illustrative content in place of or in addition to the term ‘illustration’ or ‘illustrations.’ ”

45. Content – 300 A Key Change From AACR2
No abbreviations
“color” (not “col.”)
“sound” (not “sd.”)
“silent” (not “si.”)
“illustrations” (not “ill.”)
p. 14. A Key Change from AACR2

46. Content – 300 Colour* Content
Not LC CORE
RDA 7.17
LCPS
Use spelling “color”
MARC field 300 $b
p. 14: Colour Content
 Look at instruction 7.17
This data is recorded in MARC 300 $b
Sources: Use evidence presented by the resource itself as the basis for recording the presence of color content in the resource. If desired, take additional evidence from any source.
Recording Colour Content
If the content of the resource is in colors other than black and white or shades of grey, record the presence of color using an appropriate term. Disregard colored matter outside the actual content of the resource (e.g., the border of a map).
Look at LCPS
LC practice: Use the spelling “color” when recording that term.
color (illustrations are in color)
some color (10 maps, some of which are in color)
chiefly color (illustrations, most of which are in color)
* the name of the attribute uses this spelling

47. General Guidelines on Describing Content
RDA Chapter 7
Sources
Take information used to describe content from the resource itself
In certain cases the information may be taken from sources outside the resource
Page 15: General Guidelines on Describing Content
These attributes are delineated in RDA Chapter 7, “Describing Content.”
Sources: Take information used to describe content from the resource itself. In certain cases the information may be taken from sources outside the resource

48. Content – Attributes of Works

49. Attributes of Works – Nature of the Content
RDA 7.2
Character of primary content
Record if considered important
Recorded in MARC 008/24 as applicable, and field 500
Page 15: Nature of the Content
The nature of the content is the specific character of the primary content of a resource.
 Look at instruction 7.2
This data is recorded in MARC 008/24 as applicable, and field 500
Record the nature of the content if it is considered to be important for identification or selection.
[Click to display examples]
Singspiel in two acts
Spreadsheet, with word processing and graphic capabilities
Singspiel in two acts
Spreadsheet, with word processing and graphic capabilities

50. Attributes of Works – Coverage of the Content
RDA 7.3
Chronological or geographic coverage
Record if considered important
Recorded in MARC field 500
Based on 1981 statistics
Shows all of western Europe and some of eastern Europe
Page 15: Coverage of the Content
The coverage of the content is the chronological or geographic coverage of the content of a resource.
 Look at instruction 7.3
This data is recorded in MARC field 500
Record the coverage of the content if it is considered to be important for identification or selection.
[Click to display examples]
Based on 1981 statistics
Shows all of western Europe and some of eastern Europe

51. Attributes of Works – Coordinates of Cartographic Content
RDA 7.4
Longitude and latitude are CORE for LC
Not covered in this class
Page 15: Coordinates of Cartographic Content
Longitude and Latitude is a CORE ELEMENT for LC. Because this element is recorded only by cartographic catalogers, we will not cover it in this course. If you need to catalog cartographic resources, consult the instructions in RDA 7.4.

52. Attributes of Works – Intended Audience
RDA 7.7
CORE ELEMENT for LC for resources intended for children
Class of user
For children aged 7-9
For remedial reading programs
Page 16: Intended Audience
 Intended audience is a CORE ELEMENT for LC for resources intended for children
Intended audience is the class of user for which the content of a resource is intended, or for whom the content is considered suitable, as defined by age group, educational level, type of disability, or other categorization.
 Look at instruction 7.7
This data is recorded in MARC 008/22 as applicable, and field 521
Record the intended audience if the information is stated on the resource or is readily available from another source and is considered to be important for identification or selection (e.g., if the resource is designed for use by persons with disabilities).
[Click to display examples]
For children aged 7-9
For remedial reading programs

53. Attributes of Works – Dissertation or Thesis Information
RDA 7.9
CORE ELEMENT for LC
Formal requirements for a degree
Degree; institution; year
Page 16: Dissertation or Thesis Information
 Dissertation or thesis information is a CORE ELEMENT for LC
Dissertation or thesis information is information relating to a work presented as part of the formal requirements for an academic degree.
 Look at instruction 7.9
This data is recorded in MARC 008/24 as applicable; and field 502 or 500

54. Attributes of Works – Dissertation or Thesis Information
LCPS
* LC catalogers rarely catalog original theses or dissertations; you will usually construct a 500 field rather than a 502 field
Page 16: Dissertation or Thesis Information (cont.)
 Look at LCPS
Record the sub-elements related to dissertation or thesis information as described in RDA in the appropriate subfields of MARC field 502, without AACR2-style punctuation.
Do not routinely restructure pre-RDA style dissertation or thesis information in existing records.
If the resource lacks a formal thesis statement containing information related to the sub-elements, state its origin as a thesis in a general note in MARC field 500.
 Because LC catalogers rarely catalog original theses or dissertations, you will rarely record a 502 field; usually, you will construct a 500 field.
[Click to display examples]
502 ## $b Ph.D. $c University of Toronto $d 1974
500 ## $a Revision of the author’s thesis
502 ## $b Ph.D. $c University of Toronto $d 1974
500 ## $a Revision of the author’s thesis

55. Content – Attributes of Expressions

56. Attributes of Expressions – Summarization of the Content
RDA 7.10
CORE ELEMENT for LC for fiction intended for children
Abstract, summary, synopsis, etc.
Record if considered important
LCPS on the use of MARC fields 520 and 856
Page 17: Attributes of Expressions – Summarization of the Content
 Summarization of the content is a CORE ELEMENT for LC for fiction intended for children.
A summarization of the content is an abstract, summary, synopsis, etc., of the content of a resource.
 Look at instruction 7.10
This data is recorded in MARC fields 520 and 856
Provide a brief summary of the content if it is considered to be important for identification or selection (e.g., for audiovisual resources or for resources designed for use by persons with disabilities) and sufficient information is not provided in another part of the description.
 Look at LCPS :
Bibliographic records issued by the Library of Congress may include summaries, reviews, and abstracts from various sources, both internal and external.
This LCPS provides guidance on the use of MARC fields 520 (Summary, Etc.) or 856 (Electronic Location and Access)

57. Attributes of Expressions – Language of the Content
RDA 7.12
CORE ELEMENT for LC
Record if considered important
MARC fields 041 and 546
LCPS
In addition to primary content, also supply languages of other content (summaries, tables of contents, etc.) if it will assist in identification and selection
Use the form of name found in the MARC Code List for Languages
Page 17: Attributes of Expressions – Language of the Content
 Language of the content is a CORE ELEMENT for LC
Language of the content is a language used to express the content of a resource.
 Look at instruction 7.12
This data is recorded in MARC fields 041 and 546
Sources: Take information on the language of the content from any source.
Record details of the language or languages used to express the content of the resource if they are considered to be important for identification or selection.
 Look at LCPS
In addition to recording the language of the primary content, also supply the languages of other content (summaries, tables of contents, etc.) if it will assist identification and selection.
Examples:
041 ## $a fre $a eng $a ita
546 ## $a Articles chiefly in French; one article each in English and Italian.
When naming a language in a note, base the name on the form found in the current edition of MARC Code List for Languages

58. Attributes of Expressions – Form of Notation
RDA
CORE ELEMENT for LC for some scripts and for form of musical notation
Set of characters and/or symbols used to express the written language content
LCPS
Page 18: Attributes of Expressions – Form of Notation
 Form of notation is a CORE ELEMENT for LC for some scripts and for form of musical notation.
Form of notation is a set of characters and/or symbols used to express the content of a resource.
This data is recorded in MARC field 546
Script
Script is a set of characters and/or symbols used to express the written language content.
 Look at instruction
Sources: Take information on the script from any source.
Record the script or scripts using one or more of the terms listed in ISO 15924,” Codes for the representation of names of scripts,” (
[Click to display examples]
Devanagari
Armenian
Cyrillic
(Resource written in both scripts)
 Look at LCPS
Use the English language names of scripts. Generally do not include the parenthetical information found in the list when recording the script name.
If a resource is in a language that is commonly written in more than one script, name both the language and the script.
Example:
546 ## $a Serbian $b Latin
1. Devanagari
2. Armenian
Cyrillic
(for a resource written in both scripts)

59. Attributes of Expressions – Supplementary Content
RDA 7.16
CORE ELEMENT for LC for indexes and bibliographies in monographs
Record if considered important
MARC fields 504 and 500
Page 18: Attributes of Expressions – Supplementary Content
 Supplementary content is a CORE ELEMENT for LC for indexes and bibliographies in monographs.
Supplementary content is content designed to supplement the primary content of a resource (e.g., an index, a bibliography, an appendix).
 Look at instruction 7.16
This data is recorded in MARC fields 500 and 504
Sources: Take information on supplementary content from any source.

60. Attributes of Expressions – Bibliographies and Indexes
LCPS
Routinely for: bibliographical references, discographies, filmographies, indexes, appendices
If bibliographical citations in any form, generally use
504 ## $a Includes bibliographical references.
If a single bibliography, add the foliation/pagination
504 ## $a Includes bibliographical references (pages ).
If an index to its own contents
500 ## $a Includes index.
Bibliography and index notes may be combined
504 ## $a Includes bibliographical references and index.
Page 19: Attributes of Expressions – Supplementary Content (cont.)
Record the nature of supplementary content (i.e., its type, extent, location within the resource, etc.) if it is considered important for identification or selection.
 LCPS provides extensive guidance on recording supplementary content
Routinely consider the following as being important for selection: bibliographies and bibliographical references, discographies, filmographies, indexes, appendices, errata slips that are not printed as part of the publication.
Give pagination or foliation unless the sections are scattered through the resource.
If a publication contains bibliographical citations in any form, generally use the following note:
504 ## $a Includes bibliographical references.
If there is a single bibliography, add the foliation/pagination to the note.
504 ## $a Includes bibliographical references (pages )
If the publication contains an index to its own contents, use one of the following:
500 ## $a Includes index.
The bibliography note and the index note may be combined.
504 ## $a Includes bibliographical references and index.

61. Attributes of Expressions – Music Resources
3 LC CORE ELEMENTS
Form of musical notation (7.13.3)
Format of notated music (7.20)
Medium of performance of musical content (7.21)
Page 19: Attributes of Expressions – Music Resources
There are three LC Core elements for music resources. They are merely listed here with the appropriate RDA instruction number.
Form of musical notation
Format of notated music 7.20
Medium of performance of musical content 7.21

62. Attributes of Expressions – Cartographic Resources
4 LC CORE ELEMENTS
Horizontal scale (7.25.3)
Vertical scale (7.25.4)
Additional scale information (7.25.5)
Projection of cartographic content (7.26)
Page 19: Attributes of Expressions – Cartographic Resources
There are four LC Core elements for cartographic resources. They are merely listed here with the appropriate RDA instruction number.
Horizontal scale
Vertical scale
Additional scale information
Projection of cartographic content 7.26

63. Unit 5: Exercise on Content
Exercise #8 Describing Content
Page 21: Unit 5: Exercise on Content
Work with your colleague to complete:
Exercise #8 Describing Content
We will go over this exercise together in a few minutes.

64. Appendix 1: Creators, Contributors, and Relationship Designators
RDA Appendix I – most frequently used
I.2. Relationship Designators for Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies Associated with a Work
I.2.1. Relationship Designators for Creators
I.2.2. Relationship Designators for Other Persons, Families, or Corporate Bodies Associated with a Work
I.3. Relationship Designators for Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies Associated with an Expression
I.3.1. Relationship Designators for Contributors
Optional – but use correctly
Page 23: Appendix 1: Creators, Contributors, and Relationship Designators
[Suggested discussion: briefly open Appendix I in the Toolkit, and paraphrase the text of page 23. Concentrate on this portion:]
To develop a sense of expertise, follow along with the instructor to briefly review some of the terms in the three sections described below:
I.2. Relationship Designators for Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies Associated with a Work
I.2.1. Relationship Designators for Creators
I.2.2. Relationship Designators for Other Persons, Families, or Corporate Bodies Associated with a Work
I.3. Relationship Designators for Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies Associated with an Expression
I.3.1. Relationship Designators for Contributors
Be sure to read the ‘scope’ of a designator to ensure that you are using it in the intended sense; do not use a “work” designator with an “expression” access point. For example, there is a difference between “compiler” (I.2.1) and “editor of compilation” (I.3.1).
 LC practice: Remember that LC policy is to always provide an authorized access point in the bibliographic record for an illustrator in all cases of resources intended for children. In these cases, the designator “illustrator” is also required in MARC 7XX subfield $e.
 In other cases, the use of relationship designators is optional. You are encouraged to utilize them if, in your judgment, it assists in the user tasks of “find,” “identify,” “select,” “obtain.” But you should neither agonize nor spend a lot of time making these decisions. Providing the access points themselves is more useful, and adding relationship designators may in many cases not enhance the record significantly. If you use them, use them correctly.

65. Appendix 2: New Work? New Expression? New Manifestation?
Whether a revised edition requires a “Uniform Title”
FRBR concepts of “Work” and “Expression”
Continuum from original work  new expression  new work
“Relationships” module addresses different methods of relating revised editions
See “RDA Special Topics” presentation
Page 25: Appendix 2: New Work? New Expression? New Manifestation
An important determination in RDA -- and one which results in a major change from AACR2 -- is whether a revised edition requires a “Uniform Title” to connect it to the earlier edition.
To fully understand this, you have to think in terms of the FRBR concepts of “Work” and “Expression”; try to forget the pre-RDA conception of a ‘work’ as ‘this thing I am cataloging’ (remember, that is a ‘manifestation’). Keep in mind the graphic representation we saw of the continuum from original work, to new expression, to new work.
This appendix provides examples of some common situations in monographic cataloging relating to revised editions and works published under different titles without revision. The next training module, “Relationships,” provides instruction on how to related revised editions and new manifestations. More detailed guidance on revised editions can be found in the “RDA Special Topics” presentation found at:

66. Purpose of a Uniform Title
‘to relate all expressions of a work’
UT used to connect if the title proper has changed
from one expression to another, or
from one manifestation to another
MARC fields
1XX/240
130
Page 25: Appendix 2: New Work? New Expression? New Manifestation
One purpose of the authorized access point for the work is to relate all expressions of that same work. If the title proper has changed 1) from one expression to another or 2) from one manifestation of the work to another, they need to be connected with what MARC calls a “uniform title” (“UT” -- a 240 field, or a 130 for a work without a creator).

67. What Constitutes a New Work?
A different creator
Not an additional creator
A very different scope of content even if title proper/preferred title is the same
Note: No UT needed
Because the works are not the same
Page 25: Appendix 2: New Work? New Expression? New Manifestation
What constitutes a new work?
A different creator (not an additional creator)
A very different scope of content even if the title proper/preferred title is the same.
These would not be connected with a UT, because the works are not the same.

68. New Title, Content Not Revised – New Manifestation
UT (240) for preferred title -- same as AACR2
Original:
100 $a Smith, Lacey Baldwin, $d 1922-
245 $a A Tudor tragedy : $b the life and times of Catherine Howard.
260 $a [New York] : $b Pantheon Books, $c [1961]
Later title (no indication of revision):
240 $a Tudor tragedy
245 $a Catherine Howard / $c Lacey Baldwin Smith.
260 $a Stroud Gloucestershire : $b Amberley, $c [2010], ©2010.
500 $a Originally published under title: A Tudor tragedy
p. 25.
[Talk extemporaneously.
Click to display highlighting arrow]

69. Same Title, Content Revised – New Expression
no UT -- same as AACR2
Original:
100 $a Harwood, Gregory W.
245 $a Giuseppe Verdi : $b a guide to research / $c Gregory Harwood.
260 $a New York : $b Garland Pub., $c 1998.
Revision:
245 $a Giuseppe Verdi : $b a research and information guide / $c Gregory W. Harwood.
250 $a Second edition.
260 $a New York, NY ; $a Abingdon, Oxon : $b Routledge, $c 2012.
p. 26.
[Talk extemporaneously.
Click to display highlighting arrow]

70. New Title, Content Revised – New Expression
UT (240) field – change from AACR2
Original:
100 $a Monson, Craig.
245 $a Disembodied voices : $b music and culture in an early modern Italian convent / $c Craig A. Monson.
260 $a Berkeley : $b University of California Press, $c
Revision:
240 $a Disembodied voices
245 $a Divas in the convent : $b nuns, music, and defiance in seventeenth-century Italy / $c Craig A. Monson.
260 $a Chicago : $b University of Chicago Press, $c
500 $a Revision of the author’s Disembodied voices.
p. 26.
[Talk extemporaneously.
Click to display highlighting arrow]

71. New Title, Content Revised – New Expression
UT (130) field – change from AACR2
Original:
245 $a Contemporary art and multicultural education / $c edited by Susan Cahan and Zoya Kucor.
$a New York : $b New Museum of Contemporary Art : $b Routledge, $c 1996.
Revision:
130 $a Contemporary art and multicultural education
245 $a Rethinking Contemporary Art and Multicultural Education / $c The New Museum of Contemporary Art.
250 $a Fully revised second edition.
260 $a New York, NY : $b Routledge, $c 2011.
p. 26.
[Talk extemporaneously.
Click to display highlighting arrow]