1. REVOLTS IN LATIN AMERICA 1791-1825

2. STATE STANDARDS
Compare the major ideas of philosophers and their effects on the democratic revolutions in England, the United States, France, and Latin America (e.g., John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Simón Bolívar, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison).

3. REVOLTS IN LATIN AMERICA 1791-1825

4. 1797

5. Latin American Peoples Win Independence 1791-1823
Haiti
1790 Small white minority rules over slave population.
Brutal conditions
Boukman raises call for revolution

6. Toussaint L’Overture leads savage rebellion
Captured by French
Inspiration to Latin American and African peoples worldwide
Terrifies southern U.S.

8. Toussaint Loverature

13. Latin American Pillars of Power
Military-the Presidio
Church- Iglesia
Landowners encomienda hacienda

15. Social Structure
Penisulares
Creoles
Mestizo
Mulatto
Zambo
Indian

17. Mexican Independence
What begins as revolt of mestizo and Indian masses ends as creoles take over

19. MIGUEL HIDALGO

20. 1810 Miguel Hidalgo Leads peasant uprising
Grito de Dolores-call for Mexican independence
Creoles refuse to support Hidalgo, he is captured/ executed

21. Miguel Hidalgo

24. 1811-1815 Jose Morelos continues rebellion
Mestizo leader
Brilliant general
Controls southern Mexico
Defeated by creole forces
Executed 1815

25. JOSE DE MORELOS

26. 1821 fear of liberal
government in Spain leads to military takeover by military-General Agustin de Iturbide

28. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Early liberation leader
Dictator four times

30. Santa Anna loses Texas war for independence - 1836
1848- Santa Anna loses war to United States

32. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo- Mexico loses California, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona

34. Benito Juarez
Abraham Lincoln of Mexico
Zapotec Indian

35. Wins control of government in 1858
Led La Reforma
land redistribution
education
Wins control of government in 1858

39. South America Revolution set up by Napoleon’s conquest of Spain
Creoles, native-born whites, assume control
Restoration of Charles III causes attempt to restore Peninsulare control

40. Creole revolt in North led by Simon Bolivar
el Liberator
philosopher general
inspired by French and American examples

41. South led by Jose de San Martin

44. 1822 Bolivar and San Martin combine forces
Drive out Spanish from Peru
San Martin leaves his forces to Bolivar
Bolivar defeats Spanish at
Ayacucho-last major battle of war for independence.

49. Bolivar struggle to unite South American states
Fails
Dies disillusioned
Divided south America in creole control

51. Brazil: Non-Violent Change
1807 Napoleon’s conquest
of Portugal leads to exile of royal family in colony
1822 creoles demand independence
Dom Pedro becomes emperor of Brazil

52. Conclusions
Latin American nations gain independence , but face many problems
Non-democratic legacy of Spanish empire
Ethnic/class divisions
Geographic divisions