1. The Legacy of Ancient
Greece and Rome

2. Ancient Greece

3. Greek Civilization
1. Greek civilization began as separate city- states, each of which had its own system of government.
2. At first Athens was governed by Aristocracy made up of three nobles selected by citizens

8. Athenian Democracy
1. Gradual evolution from tyrants to democracy
B.C. Solon initiated political reform policies.
3. Cleistenes ( 508 B.C.) Founder of Athenian Democracy

9. Age of Pericles( ruled, 461 B.C. to 429 B.C.)-“Golden Age of Greece”
a. Increase number of paid officials and paid Jurors
b. Poorer citizens can now participate through Direct Democracy -system of direct citizen rule-no reps

10. PERICLES

11. The Greek Philosophers
1. Basic assumptions
a. Universe is orderly
and based on unchanging laws
b. People can understand these laws through
logic and reason

12. School of Athens

13. 2. Socrates “The unexamined. life is not worth living”. Use
2. Socrates “The unexamined life is not worth living”. Use the Socratic method of questioning
3. Plato wrote The Republic and believed in government by the wisest

17. Aristotle
1. Examined nature of world and human belief,
thought, and knowledge
2. From Politics-” Man is by nature a political
animal: it is in his nature to live in a state”

19. Alexander and Aristotle

22. The Legacy of Greece
1. Belief in Reason and Logic
2. Natural Law
3. Direct Democracy
4. Three Branches of Government

23. THE ROMAN REPUBLIC

25. Romans learned about Greek democracy when they defeated the Greeks in a war for control of the Italian Peninsula

26. 1. Republic-a form of. government in which power
1. Republic-a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to elect government leaders
2. The Senate was controlled by aristocracy and handled finance and foreign affairs

28. Roman Law
1. Based on reason and justice to protect citizens and property
2. Burden of proof on accuser
3. Innocent until proven guilty
4. Laws amendable

29. The Laws of the Twelve Tables
455 B.C. : Earliest Roman Written Law
Binding on both patrician and plebeian

31. Principles of Roman Law
Unity and stability
Civil law- for Roman Citizens
Law of Nations –all people-based on nature
Rights of the Accused
Use of Evidence
Judicial Interpretation

33. From Republic to Empire
Punic Wars between 246 B.C. and 146 B.C.
Rome destroyed Carthage and gained control of its lands and peoples.

35. In the eastern Mediterranean, Rome gained lands conquered by Alexander the Great.

38. Julius Caesar became dictator
Killed in 44 B.C.
Nephew Octavian becomes first Roman emperor
Augustus Caesar

41. The Justinian Code -528 A.D.
Expansion of Roman Law
Codification- System of Organization
Profound impact on the West-

42. Justinian’s code of laws served to transmit Roman law
Justinian’s code of laws served to transmit Roman law. His wife, Theodora, was a tough politician and co-ruler of the Byzantine empire with Justinian.

43. The Legacy of Rome- The idea of a republic
1. Representative Government
2. Preserved Greek concept that individual is a
citizen of a state, rather than subject of ruler
3. A written legal code