1. Bellringer There are three shapes of bacteria: Spirilla Coccus
________

2. Bacteria
THEY ARE EVERYWHERE!!!

3. Bacteria
PROKARYOTES- GENETIC MATERIAL IN THEIR CELLS IS NOT CONTAINED IN A NUCLEUS
Most known prokaryotes are BACTERIA
ONE CELLED ORGANISMS
LIVE ALMOST ANYWHERE

4. Parts of a Bacterial Cell
Capsule
Container
surrounding the
cell wall

5. Parts of a Bacterial Cell
Cell Wall
outer covering that protects the cell
Cell Membrane
Controls what goes in and out of the cell (also called
plasma
membrane)

6. Parts of a Bacterial Cell
Cytoplasm
Gel-like material inside the cell membrane
Ribosomes
Chemical factories where proteins are produced

7. Parts of a Baceterial Cell
DNA
Genetic material
Contains instructions for all of the cell’s functions

8. Parts of a Bacterial Cell
Flagellum
Plural Flagella
Long, whip-like structure to help cell move
May have many, 1, or none
Most do not have any & are carried from place to place by:
Air
Water currents
Other objects

9. Cell Size Largest Normal Need microscope to see!!
Size of a period in a sentence
Normal
Measured in micrometers- 1 millionth of a meter
Need microscope to see!!

10. 3 Bacterial Shapes
Cocci (Coccus)
Spherical

11. 3 Bacterial Shapes
Bacilli (Bacillus)
Rod-shaped

12. 3 Bacterial Cell Shapes
Spirilla (Spirochetes)
Spiral Shaped

13. Obtaining Food & Energy
Bacteria must have:
A source of food
A way of breaking down the food to release its energy
Bacteria are both autotrophs and heterotophs

14. Obtaining Energy Autotroph Make their own food by:
Capture and use sun’s energy (like plants do)
Use energy from chemical substances in their environment to make food
Examples: bacteria in pond cause the green cloudy scum in water, bacteria in hot springs use chemical energy to make food

15. Obtaining Energy Heterotroph
Consume other organisms or the food other organisms make
Example: bacteria in yogurt breaks down the sugars in milk for food

16. Obtaining Food and Energy: Releasing Energy
Respiration
Process of breaking down food to release energy
Aerobic bacteria- use oxygen for respiration
Anaerobic bacteria- do not use oxygen for respiration
- Some can’t even survive around oxygen

17. Bacterial Reproduction
When bacteria have:
1. Plenty of food
2. Correct temperature
3. Suitable conditions
they thrive and reproduce frequently.
Some can reproduce as often as every 20 minutes!!!!!!

18. Bacterial Reproduction
Asexual
Involves only 1 parent and produces offspring identical to the parent
Most bacteria reproduce this way- it is called BINARY FISSION
Cell duplicates the genetic material
Cell divides into 2 separate cells

19. Binary Fission http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLpFJ1JeRYs

20. Bacterial Reproduction
Sexual
Two parents combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents
Sometimes occurs
Called:
CONJUGATION

21. Bacterial Reproduction
Conjugation
Thread-like bridge between bacteria
One transfers DNA to another
Cells separate
Bacteria has new genetic material
Divides by binary fission producing new bacteria that are genetically different from the parent cells

22. Bacterial Reproduction
Endospore Formation
Sometimes conditions are harsh for bacteria to survive
Form Endospores for survival
Endospores- small, rounded, thick-walled, restless cell that forms inside a bacterial cell
Contains cells genetic material & cytoplasm

23. Role of Bacteria in Nature
Most bacteria are harmless/helpful to humans
Bacteria are involved in
1. Oxygen and food production
2. Environmental recycling and cleanup
3. Health maintenance
4. Medicine production

24. The Role of Bacteria in Nature
Autotrophic bacteria use sun’s energy to produce food and release oxygen
First autotrophic bacteria responsible for adding oxygen to our atmosphere

25. The Role of Bacteria in Nature
Food Production
Bacteria help make
Cheese
Sauerkraut
Pickles
Milk and other foods goes through pasteurization-
Food is heated up to temperature that is high enough to kill harmful bacteria without changing the taste of that food
Named after Louis Pasteur

26. The Role of Bacteria in Nature
Environmental Recycling
Heterotrophic Decomposers
Organisms that break down large chemicals in dead organisms into small chemicals
“Natures Recyclers”
Bacteria break down leaves on ground
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria
Live in soil and swellings on the roots of plants
Convert nitrogenous gas from air into nitrogen products plants need

27. The Role of Bacteria in Nature
Environmental Clean-up
Oil eating bacteria
Convert poisonous chemicals in oil into harmless substances
Used in oil spills and gas leaks

28. The Role of Bacteria in Nature
Health and Medicine
Bacteria in your digestive system
Digest food
Make vitamins
Compete with disease causing organisms preventing harmful bacteria

29. The Role of Bacteria in Nature
Medicine
1970’s- the first medicine producing bacteria was discovered
Insulin producing bacteria for diabetics

30. Bacteria What are the five ways to “kill” bacteria?
What are the three shapes of bacteria?