1. 2.1 Biological Macromolecules
Nature’s Building Blocks SC.912L.18.1 Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules.
SWBAT: Describe the basic molecular structure the primary function of carbohydrates and lipids

2. Prior Knowledge Discussion
Describe the characteristics required to be considered a living organism.
Composed of cells
Reproduce
Contain DNA
Grow and Develop
Use and obtain energy
Respond to their environment
Maintain a stable internal environment /eliminate Waste
Evolve: change over time

3. Prior Knowledge Discussion - Particles of matter - Atoms - Elements - Molecules - Macromolecules - Cell organelles - Cells - Tissues - Organs - Systems - Organisms - Populations - Ecosystems - Biospheres - Planets - Planetary Systems with Stars - Galaxies - The Universe
And finish really big. Wow.!
All of that is possible because of atoms!

4. If everything is made of molecules, what are molecules made of?
Prior Knowledge Discussion
If everything is made of molecules, what are molecules made of?
Atoms!

5. FOUR BASIC ELEMENTS Almost all life forms on Earth are primarily
made up of only four basic elements:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
(Phosphorous and Sulfur are also important in Biology)
Why are these call the building blocks of life?

6. Atoms are Elements!

7. Where are they Located on the Periodic Table?
Lets take a look at the Periodic Table and find where are the building blocks of life.
Review:
What are groups and families?
What is the name of:
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Group 6
Group 7
Group 8?
Which ones are the metals and the non-metals?
Are the Building Blocks of Life metals or non-metals?

9. Macromolecules are polymers constructed of many organic molecules called monomers.
Monomer - small molecular subunit which joins (form covalent bonds) with similar units to form a polymer.
Polymer - consists of up to millions of repeated, covalently linked monomers.
It is a relatively small, simple molecule.

10. Life’s Macromolecules
The key components of every living cell are made of macromolecules.
“Giant Molecules”
The four kinds of macromolecules:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

11. Carbohydrates
Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen usually in the ratio 1:2:1 Example: C6H12O6
Specific numerical relationship between their elements.
Includes starches, celluloses, chitin & gums
Constructed from simple sugars = monosaccharides
Monosaccharides

12. Glucose
Glucose: C6H12O6 this is a hexose sugar (six carbons) most commonly found in this ring structure. Glucose will be known to most students as a product of photosynthesis or the substrate molecule for respiration. Glucose is also found in a polymer as starch, glycogen or cellulose. All bonds are covalent. Glucose is metabolically active compound

14. Lipids Lipids are made of Carbon, Hydrogen and some Oxygen ( C, H, O)
Long term energy storage
Chemically all fats and oils are triglycerides (simple lipids).
Fats are those lipids which are solid state at 20°C.
Oils are those lipids which are liquid at 20°C.
Fats tend to have longer fatty acids with saturated bonds. This makes their structure densely packed and raises the melting point.

15. Lipids Insulators and energy storage
Saturated: room temperature
Unsaturated : room temperature

16. Triglyceride
Triglycerides are made of Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

17. Phospholipids
Are the principle molecule in the cell membrane they form the 'bilayer' that is the cell membrane.

18. Phospholipids
The molecule is in two parts a) Polar hydrophilic phosphate heads. b) 2 Non polar hydrophobic tails This diagram is a short hand version of the phospholipid molecule.