1. Social Studies History

2. Essential Question
What are Pennsylvania’s unique characteristics related to history?
Hi, I’m Winnie, the White Tailed Deer. I am proud to be Pennsylvania’s state animal. If you click on me I will take you to all sorts of interesting places.

3. History
Historians believe that a French fur trader, Etienne Brule was the first European to set foot in Pennsylvania.
He explored the Susquehanna River in 1615.

4. History
In 1616, a Dutch captain, Cornelius Hendrickson sailed up the Delaware river and started a fur trading post near present day Philadelphia.

5. History
The Europeans traded wool blankets, iron axes, and muskets in exchange for furs from the Native Americans.
Europeans were eager to trade for fur because fur hats, such as beaver hats were a popular item.

6. History
In the 1630s Europeans claimed land where Native Americans had lived in Pennsylvania.
In 1638 Sweden established, or started, the first permanent colony in Pennsylvania called New Sweden.
It was located in what is now Philadelphia and Delaware.

7. History At first New Sweden prospered or had good fortune.
The colonists traded with the Native Americans, built new houses and planted crops.
In 1655, New Netherland, (present day New York, New Jersey) took over New Sweden.

8. History Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn.
The King of England, Charles II, owed Penn’s father money. To pay off the debt, the king gave William Penn land in North America.
King Charles II of England

9. History This land grant was called a Charter.
A charter gives a person or business special rights.
Penn created the colony to give people religious freedom and economic opportunity.

10. History Penn was a Quaker.
Quakers believed in peace, so they refused to fight wars.
They believed that ALL people were created equal.

11. History Penn wrote a constitution for Pennsylvania.
A constitution is a plan for government.
It gave rights to people like trial by jury and gave people a voice in government.

12. History He chose the name Sylvania, which means woods.
The King suggested that he honor his father and call it Pennsylvania or “Penn’s woods”
Pennsylvania means Penn’s Woods

13. History
Penn planned the city of Philadelphia, which means “City of Brotherly Love”
He created streets in squares, which made places easy to find.

14. History
Penn advertised for people to come to Pennsylvania for religious freedom.
Soon, people from England, Germany, Ireland, Wales, and Scotland came.
By the 1750’s over half of the people of Pennsylvania spoke German.

15. History
Because of Penn’s religious beliefs, he wanted to treat the Native Americans that lived in Pennsylvania fairly.
Before Penn gave land to colonist to live on he made a treaty with the Native Americans that hunted on them.
Penn with Native Americans

16. History A treaty is a formal agreement.
According to legend. In 1682 Penn signed the Treaty of Shackamaxon with the Lenape to transfer land.
This started a friendship with the Native Americans.

17. History
Many people wanted to come to Pennsylvania but could not afford to pay for the passage across the Atlantic Ocean.
They became indentured servants.

18. History
Indentured servants are people who have someone who already lives in America pay for their trip across the Atlantic Ocean in exchange for work without pay for five to seven years when they arrive in America.

19. History
Eventually indentured servants were replaced by people kidnapped from West Africa. These Africans were held as slaves in Pennsylvania.

20. History
In 1750, there were about 6,000 African slaves living in Pennsylvania.
The route they were brought across the Atlantic Ocean was called the Middle Passage.
Many Africans became ill and died on this trip.

21. History
As cities grew larger in Pennsylvania, people moved west to the unsettled land or frontier.
Most obeyed William Penn and purchased land from the Native Americans.

22. History Unfortunately, some people were squatters.
Squatters lived on someone else’s land without paying for it.
This caused the Native Americans to lose their freedom and way of life as colonists moved farther west.
Colonist’s settlement

23. History
When Penn died, his sons took over and didn’t care to be fair to the Native Americans.
They took land unfairly from the Native Americans and ended 50 years of peace between the Native Americans and Pennsylvanians.

24. History
In the 1740’s German religious groups such as the Amish and Mennonites moved to PA.
Germans who lived near the Conestoga River made wagons called Conestoga wagons.
Amish Family
Conestoga Wagon

25. History
Pennsylvania played a key role in our nation’s fight for independence against Great Britain (England).
Independence means freedom to be able to rule themselves.
Molly Pitcher fighting with Patriots

26. History
Before 1775, the king, George III, did many things that angered the colonists.
He placed taxes on many items such as legal documents and tea.
The colonists boycotted English goods.
Boycott means that they refused to buy them.
King George III

27. History
After this fighting, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia.
They created a Continental Army and chose George Washington to be the commander in chief.
George Washington

28. History
In 1776 the Continental Congress wrote the Declaration of Independence.
The Declaration of Independence stated that the colonies wanted to be free from British rule because Britain had violated their rights.
Signing of the Declaration of
Independence

29. History
It was approved on July 4, 1776 and the colonies became free from Great Britain (England).
The colonists rang the Liberty Bell at Independence Hall in Philadelphia.
Independence Hall in Philadelphia

30. History – Revolutionary War
Major battles in the war were fought in Brandywine and Germantown PA.
The British won both battles and took over the capital city of Philadelphia.
Battle of Germantown, PA.

31. History – Revolutionary War
In 1777 there was a harsh winter. Troops did not fight.
The British were cozy in Philadelphia.
The Continental Army was stationed in Valley Forge.
Washington and the Continental Army
at Valley Forge, PA.

32. History – Revolutionary War
The didn’t have enough food, clothing, blankets, and shelter.
Many soldiers became ill and died
Some deserted, or left the army.

33. History – Revolutionary War
During that Winter, Friederich von Steuben came from Germany to help train the troops.
In 1778, Benjamin Franklin persuaded the French to help the Americans.
Steuben at Valley Forge

34. History – Revolutionary War
The British finally surrendered at Yorktown, Virginia in 1781.
The United States was now recognized as a nation. (country)
General Cornwallis of England
surrenders.

35. History
In 1787, representatives from 12 states met in Philadelphia and wrote our nation’s constitution.
Many ideas from earlier Quaker beliefs were included such as that all men are created equal and freedom of religion.